Approaches in Understanding Disasters

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In the name of Allah, the most Gracious and
Merciful
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Our Understanding of Disasters

• Conventionally hazards and disasters have been
  synonymous, research is conducted on
  geo-hydro-met processes, and exposure and
  resistance of physical structures. Hazards and
  their prediction is monitored. Magnitude of
  losses determines the extent of disaster
•  
• Today capacity to absorb impact of hazards and
  recover from them determines the vulnerability.
  Disasters closely related to unsustainable
  development. Capacities/Vulnerabilities/Losses/
  Hazards are various risk scenarios
•  

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How we Handle Disasters
The Relief Paradigm is event triggered approach
leading to emergency management (food shelter
health), Contingency planning and disaster
preparedness (evacuation planning secure
areas/shelters stockpiling of relief), and Early
warning and hazard monitoring systems (scientific
aspects technical aspects social aspects) The
Mitigation Paradigm includes identification of
hazard prone locations, identification of
patterns of physical vulnerability, mitigation of
hazard through structural measures, and of
physical vulnerability through relocation
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How we Handle Disasters
The Development Paradigm focuses on the causal
factors and processes of vulnerability thus
increasing capacity to absorb losses and recovery
from them and emphasizes on non-structural
measures The Risk Reduction Paradigm Considers
peoples understanding of disaster risks,
Optimizes existing coping strategies in the face
of loss, combines technical and scientific view
with indigenous knowledge
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Existing Structures and Legislation

• The National Calamities (Prevention and Relief)
  Act- 1958
• National Disaster Plan-1974
• Federal Emergency Relief Cell
• Federal Flood Commission
• Provincial Relief Departments
• District Disaster Dispensation

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Gaps

• Lack of research and training
• Lack of understanding the process
• Lack of coordination and absence of focal point
  for disaster management
• Inadequacies in need and emergency assessment
• Centralized and top-down delivery mechanism
• Absence of community participation

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What are we Proposing

• A shift from emergency management to risk
  management through disaster communication and
  preparedness
•              

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Initiatives

• Activate and train district governments to
  prepare district-specific hazard-mapping and
  disaster management plans including
  vulnerability assessment, risk evaluation,
  training in disaster and relief administration
  for local government officials, public and civil
  society representatives, and at-risk communities.
  Already started in Sialkot followed by 4 other
  districts.
• Reviewing existing laws related to disaster and
  relief to draft new law for comprehensive
  disaster management
• Organizing a provincial consultation workshop on
  disaster management

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• Brief on RELIEF DEPARTMENT
• The Relief Department was established in 1975
  functions under the Punjab National Calamities
  (Prevention and Relief) Act, 1958 with the
  mission to reach the most distressed.
• Relief Commissioner, also Chairman of the Punjab
  Flood Commission, is ex-officio Secretary to
  Government of the Punjab, Relief Department,
  assisted by a Director General.
• Role is to plan for preventive and protective
  measures against damages caused by natural
  calamities.

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• FUNCTIONS
• Coordination with the concerned departments for
  policy formulation, and monitoring of relief and
  rehabilitation work in calamity affected areas.
• Planning for preventive and protective measures
  against damage caused due to natural calamities.
• Purchase of stores and relief goods.
• Maintenance and distribution of Relief Fund.
• General Administration of the Relief Department.

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• ADVANCE PLANNING
• The Relief Department reviews each year before
  start of the rainy season
• Up-dating of Flood Fighting Plans relating to the
  34 Districts and concerned Departments.
• Functioning of Flood Forecasting Center - manned
  round the clock by representatives of Relief,
  Irrigation, Information, and Highways
  Departments, and Police Tele-communications,
  Pakistan Railways, Pakistan Broadcasting
  Corporation, and WAPDA etc.
• Arrangements to convey flood warning and
  forecasts through the Flood Warning Center to the
  District Coordination Officers in the Districts
  and other concerned authorities.

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• The District Coordination Officers will
  communicate Information regarding damages daily
  to the Flood Emergency and Relief Cell
  established in the Board of Revenue Punjab,
  Lahore.
• State of flood protection works.
• Arrangements for operation of pre-determined
  breaching sections, storage of explosives and
  breaching equipment.

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FLOOD WARNING SYSTEM
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• FLOOD FORECASTING / WARNING
• Established every year in first week of June at
  46 Jail Road Lahore working round the clock.
• Functions
• Flood Forecast Daily
• River discharge low and medium floods 6 hourly
• River discharge high and V.High floods Hourly
• Dissemination
• By updating www.met.gov.pk website
• Through FAX, Radio, Phone

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• INFORMATION ON FLOODS FROM INDIA
• Advance information about flood flows at
• Rupar below
• Harike below
• Ferozpur below
• Bhakra Dam on Sutlej
• Madhopur on Ravi and
• Pong Dam Reservoir on Beas
• Timely Flood Information from Radio Jammu at
• Chenab main at Akhnoor
• Jammu Tawi at Jammu
• Ravi main below Madhopur

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TIME OF TRAVEL (FLOOD WAVE)
RIVER RAVI Madhopur to Jassar 18 Hrs Jassar
to Shahdara 36 Hrs Shahdara to Balloki
36 Hrs Balloki to Sidhnai 72 Hrs RIVER
CHENAB Akhnur to Marala 6 Hrs Marala to
Khanki 12 Hrs Khanki to Qadirabad 06
Hrs Qadirabad to Trimmu 48 Hrs Trimmu to
Panjnad 48 Hrs Panjnad to Mithankot 24
Hrs
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TIME OF TRAVEL (FLOOD WAVE)
RIVER SUTLEJ Rupper to Gandasinghwala 65
Hrs Hurike to Gandasinghwala 24 Hrs G.S.wala
to Sulemanki 42 Hrs Sulemanki to Islam 48
Hrs Islam to Panjnad 72 Hrs RIVER
JHELUM Kohala to Mangla 6
Hrs Mangla to Rasul 12 Hrs Rasul
to Trimmu 72 Hrs RIVER INDUS Mandori to Kalab
agh 24 Hrs Kalabagh to Cheshma 24
Hrs Cheshma to Taunsa 72 Hrs Taunsa
to MithankotGuddu 4824Hrs
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• PRE-FLOOD ARRANGEMENTS
• PREPAREDNESS / COORDINATION
• Instructions issued for updating Flood Fighting
  Plans to
• DCOs 2nd week April
• Concerned Departments/Agencies 3rd week April
• Pre-Flood Meeting 4th week May
• by the SMBR/RC
• Pre-Flood Meeting 3rd week June
• by the Chief Secretary
• Pre-Flood Meeting 4th week June
• by the Chief minister

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• INSPECTION OF PROTECTION BUNDS, BREACHING
  SECTIONS AND EXPLOSIVE STORES
• Joint inspection carried out
• Breaching Sections identified 17
• Shifting of explosives to the
• Breaching sections immediately
• before the onset of floods

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MEASURES DURING FLOODS

• Implementation of Flood Fighting Plans
• District Flood Relief Committee (Disaster
  Management Committee)
• Setting up of Relief Camps at pre-determined
  places
• Supply of food, drinking water and dry ration in
  the Relief Camps
• Mobile Medical Teams
• Vaccination and inoculation (people and cattle)

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• RELIEF EQUIPMENT
• BOATS
• Placed with The Pakistan Army 731 ??
• Ordinary Boats 380
• Fiber Glass Boats 336
• Rubber Boats 15
• Case for procurement of 85 fiber glass boats
  and 10 ordinary boats under process
• OBMs
• Placed at the disposal of Army 892
• 99 OBMs are being procured after
• standardization shortly

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• LIFE JACKETS 7608
• Placed at the disposal of Army
• TENTS 4920
• BLANKETS 7400
• Placed at the disposal of D.C.Os
• DE-WATERING SETS
• Provided to Army and Distt Govts
  65
• With City Govt Lahore 150
• With WASA, Lahore 220

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ROLE OF KEY DEPARTMENTS
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• LAHORE CITY DISTRICT GOVERNMNENT
• De-watering pumping sets will be placed at the
  specified points when required 150
• Removal of encroachments especially at
• Mahmood Booti Bund In progress
• Survey of dangerous houses In progress

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WASA

• Up keep of Sewage and Drainage Pumping Stations
• Availability of Standby Generators
• Operation of the Double Feeders of WAPDA at Pump
  Stations Tested
• Pumps Motors Tested
• Repair of Standby Motors completed
• Desilting / Cleaning of Drains Sewers
  Undertaken
• Continuous activity due to constant ingress of
  Solid Waste into Drains and Sewers

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• Deployment of Dewatering sets in Low Lying Areas
• Ravi Town, Shalimar Town Aziz Bhatti Town
  assigned to SWM
• Gunj Buksh Town, Iqbal Town Nishter Town
  assigned to WASA
• 55 locations in all identified for deployment of
  Dewatering sets

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• Round the clock drainage emergency centers
• Lakshmi Chowk
• Upper Mall Reservoir
• Sharanwala Gate at Circular Road
• Rasool Park at Cantonment Drain (Mian Meer Drain)
• Lytton Road Lift Station

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• Complaint Monitoring Center (CMC) at WASA Head
  Quarters
• Equipped with Wireless System and Telephones,
  connected with 11 Sub Base Wireless Stations
  located all over the city
• Communication and feed back to and from field
  formations
• SOP for Disposal of rain water issued for
  compliance
• Similar arrangements by WASA in other big Cities

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EVACUATION TIME FOR DRAINAGE OF RAIN WATER IN LOW
LYING AREAS
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• THE PAKISTAN ARMY
• Focal officers nominated
• Flood Warning Centre established at HQ Engrs. 4
  Corps
• Necessary flood relief equipment - OBMs, boats,
  life jackets dispatched to the focal points
• Liaison with Relief Department and District
  Governments
• Units assigned areas of responsibility

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HEALTH DEPARTMENT

• FLOOD CONTROL CENTRES
• Provincial DGHS Office
• District EDOH OFFICE
• Rescue Teams
• Mobile 892 (Total Staff 3568)
• Static 777 (Total Staff 2394)

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• LIVESTOCK AND DAIRY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
• Flood Sector / Center 554
• Veterinary Officers 332
• Veterinary Assistants 1187
• Animal Vaccinated ? 2.5 million
• Total animal treated ? 1.5 million
• Target for vaccination during ? 9.6 million
  (from 15-06-2002 to 31-10-2002)

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FOOD DEPARTMENT
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• HOME DEPARTMENT
• POLICE TELECOMMUNICATIONS
• Necessary equipment installed on 105 flood
  warning posts and Head-works and the flood
  warning control centre as under
• HF Sets 21
• VHF Base Sets 105
• VHF Mobile Sets 137
• Electric Generators 31
• POLICE
• Arrangements made to maintain order and ensure
  security during floods

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• COMMUNICATIONS WORKS DEPARTMENT
• Control Room established and Focal Officer
  nominated
• Supervision and control of damages to roads and
  structures due to floods
• Provision of alternate routes on suspension of
  normal traffic during floods
• Alternate routes are publicized through media

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PAKISTAN RAILWAYS Preventive measures to
avoid or to diminish damages to infrastructure,
machinery, and equipment and to plan for
alternate routing of rail traffic during flood
emergency.

• W A P D A
• Wireless communication center set up at Sunny
  View
• Restoration of supply of power in flood affected
  areas after break down

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• POST FLOOD ARRANGEMENTS
• Rehabilitation works including repair of roads,
  restoration of electricity, telephones, repair of
  irrigation channels etc
• Survey of losses / damages after floods
• Monetary grants to the calamity affected families

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• SCALE OF MONETRY GRANTS
• Loss of Bread-earner Rs 100,000/-
• Loss of Non-Bread-earner Rs 65,000/-
• House completely destroyed Rs 10,000/-Cattle
  head perished Rs. 6,000/-
• Critical serious injuries Rs. 50,000/-

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THANK YOU