ECE 480 Presentation of Universal Design and Assistive Technology

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ECE 480 Presentation of Universal Design and
Assistive Technology
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Question 1

• What is the most important training course and
  learned skill for a design engineer

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AIAA Design Engineering Surveyconducted this
past November

• Most important course
• Respondents were asked to name the one course
  they believed to be most important in learning
  the skills required to be a design engineer.
  Nearly all of the responses were engineering
  department courses, labs or projects - half
  included the word "design" in the course name.
• Most important skill
• When asked, 83 of all participating design
  engineers agree that greater practical experience
  from their undergraduate training would have
  better prepared them for their first engineering
  job.

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Question 2

• As a design engineer, how much of an impact do my
  decisions make.

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"The computer programmer is a creator of
universes for which he alone is the lawgiver.....
No playwright, no stage director, no emperor,
however powerful, has ever exercised such
absolute authority to arrange a stage or field of
battle and to command such unswervingly dutiful
actors or troops." Joseph Weisenbaum, Computer
Power and Human Reason
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Poor design is a waste of time

• One employment lifetime 40 hours 49 weeks 40
  years 78,400 person hours
• Efficient appliance saves user 25 seconds (three
  times a day. Life of appliance is 5 years. 1
  Million of these appliances were sold.
• 25/3600 Hours 3 Times/day 365 days 5 years
  1 million appliances 38,020,833 person hours
• the working lives of 485 people
• 19,398 years

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Question 3

• Why is it important to consider the needs of
  people with disabilities in designing .

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• How many people are affected by disabilities?
• According to HalfthePlanet Foundation The
  disability community includes 150 million people
  within the U.S. One-half the population are
  touched by disabilities in some way, either
  directly or through close ties to someone they
  know with a disability. With an ever-growing
  aging population, the universe of people with
  disabilities also continues to grow.

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Examples of disabilities include

• blind, partially sighted, mobility disabilities,
  limited strength, hard of hearing, deaf, color
  blind, dyslexic, learning disabled, deaf blind,
  speech disability, cerebral palsy, language
  disability, etc.

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• Accessibility-related agencies and acts
• Section 508Access Board
• Department of Justice
• Federal Communication Commission FCC
• Americans with Disabilities Act ADA
• U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
• W3C World Wide Web Consortium

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http//www.w3.org
http//www.w3.org
You've heard it the World Wide Web Consortium
(W3C) creates Web standards. W3C's mission is to
lead the Web to its full potential, which it does
by developing technologies (specifications,
guidelines, software, and tools) that will create
a forum for information, commerce, inspiration,
independent thought, and collective
understanding.
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Question 4

• Do engineers in large corporations depend on
  administrators and usability teams to help them
  make their designs accessible?

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Assistive Technology and its know how overcomes
barriers and directs everyones path to a more
productive future
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• Each of the three 8300 pound satellite costs
  roughly 100 million and is launched into orbit
  by a three-stage Russian-built Proton rocket from
  Kazakhstan, for another 100 million each, not
  including insurance. With three satellites in
  orbit and one spare on the ground for
  emergencies, Sirius has invested over 700
  million on just the space segment of the system,
  not including ground stations.

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A team of 100 designers worked on the
horrifically complex radio receiver chip set.

• Serial data rate is approximately 7.5 Mbits/s.
  including forward-error-correction coding
  (Reed-Solomon outer code and convolutional inner
  code) and encryption, we're left with an audio
  bit stream of about 4.4 Mbits/s. This 4.4-Mbit/s
  bit stream has 100 channels, averaging 44 kHz
  each

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100 channel Sirius receiver
Total cost for Sirius system so far is about 2
billion
1929 Atwater Kent
In what way is the Atwater Kent better? Ignorance
created a barrier
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PDAs need to be accessible
With voice synthesis
Non talking
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Question 5

• Where is technology headed?

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Computers will achieve the memory capacity and
computing speed of the human brain by around the
year 2020 Once a computer achieves a human
level of intelligence, it will roar past it.
By the year 2029 sensory enhancement devices
will be used by most of the populationRay
Kurzweil, The Age of Spiritual Machines
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Where is this machine intelligence taking us?
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Question 6

• What are our challenges in designing accessible
  products?

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Most Challenging Product DesignFeatures

• Human-machine interface is often the weakest
  link
• Usability and accessibility must be considered
  early in the design process
• A diverse population of users needs to be
  considered
• Superior technology is designed to easily accept
  alternative interface options

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Many other resources are available for help in
making your products accessible

• http//trace.wisc.edu/world/ Designing a More
  Usable World
• Universal Design Handbookwith CD-ROMedited by
  Wolfgang Preiser and Elaine Ostroff

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Almost all products can be designed better with
knowledge of Assistive Technology, Universal
Design, and Usability testing

• More user friendly
• Ergonomic
• Wider market potential
• Legal fulfillment
• Advertises image of high moral standard
• Contains accessible product instructions and
  documentation.

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Question 7What Is Universal Design?

• Universal design means products and buildings
  that are accessible and usable by everyone,
  including people with disabilities.
• Edward Steinfeld, Professor of Architecture,
  Director, Center for Inclusive Design
  Environmental Access, State University of New
  York at Buffalo.

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Universal Design Principles

• Principle 1 Equitable use
• The design is useful and marketable to people
  with diverse abilities.
• Guidelines
• Provide the same means of use for all users
  identical whenever possible equivalent when not.
• Avoid segregating or stigmatizing any users.
• Provisions for privacy, security, and safety
  should be equally available to all users.
• Make the design appealing to all users.  

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PRINCIPLE TWO Flexibility in UseThe design
accommodates a wide range of individual
preferences and abilities.

• Guidelines
• 2a. Provide choice in methods of use.
• 2b. Accommodate right- or left-handed access and
  use.
• 2c. Facilitate the user's accuracy and precision.
• 2d. Provide adaptability to the user's pace.

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PRINCIPLE THREE Simple and Intuitive UseUse of
the design is easy to understand, regardless of
the user's experience, knowledge, language
skills, or current concentration level.

• Guidelines
• 3a. Eliminate unnecessary complexity.
• 3b. Be consistent with user expectations and
  intuition.
• 3c. Accommodate a wide range of literacy and
  language skills.
• 3d. Arrange information consistent with its
  importance.
• 3e. Provide effective prompting and feedback
  during and after task completion.

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PRINCIPLE FOUR Perceptible InformationThe
design communicates necessary information
effectively to the user, regardless of ambient
conditions or the user's sensory abilities
. Guidelines 4a. Use different modes
(pictorial, verbal, tactile) for redundant
presentation of essential information. 4b.
Provide adequate contrast between essential
information and its surroundings. 4c. Maximize
"legibility" of essential information. 4d.
Differentiate elements in ways that can be
described (i.e., make it easy to give
instructions or directions). 4e. Provide
compatibility with a variety of techniques or
devices used by people with sensory limitations.
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PRINCIPLE FIVE Tolerance for ErrorThe design
minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of
accidental or unintended actions.
Guidelines 5a. Arrange elements to minimize
hazards and errors most used elements, most
accessible hazardous elements eliminated,
isolated, or shielded. 5b. Provide warnings of
hazards and errors. 5c. Provide fail safe
features. 5d. Discourage unconscious action in
tasks that require vigilance.
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PRINCIPLE SIX Low Physical EffortThe design can
be used efficiently and comfortably and with a
minimum of fatigue
Click for Help
Guidelines 6a. Allow user to maintain a
neutral body position. 6b. Use reasonable
operating forces. 6c. Minimize repetitive
actions. 6d. Minimize sustained physical effort.
Click Here
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PRINCIPLE SEVEN Size and Space for Approach and
UseAppropriate size and space is provided for
approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless
of user's body size, posture, or mobility.
Guidelines 7a. Provide a clear line of
sight to important elements for any seated or
standing user. 7b. Make reach to all components
comfortable for any seated or standing user. 7c.
Accommodate variations in hand and grip size. 7d.
Provide adequate space for the use of assistive
devices or personal assistance.
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Universally designed documentation and web
pages1. Installation instructions2. User
manuals3. Service manuals4. Internet (html)
documentation5. Video / multimedia guides6.
Interactive diagnostic computer software
Available in multiple formatsEtextAudio/videoPi
ctures and wordsTactile and BrailleAccessible
html (see W3C)
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Question 8

• What are some examples of universal designed
  products?

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Phonoautograph LP record
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Development of the voice synthesizer
At the Speech Communication Group of the Research
Laboratory of Electronics
Dennis Klatt
Creator of an Electronic Model of the vocal tract
and DecTalk voice
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Jacuzzi Brothers
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ABC DEF GHI JKL MNO PQRS TUV WXYZ Delete
T9
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Examples of assistive technology designs that led
to new inventions

• Phonoautograph
• A phonautograph was a device for converting sound
  into visible traces so the deaf can see the
  sound.
• Telephone
• Invented while pursuing the phonautograph
  mentioned above.
• Text Scanners and OCR software
• Kurzweil Reading Machine was invented for the
  blind to be able to read
• LP record
• Phonograph books for the blind
• Jacuzzi
• Originally invented to help improve motorically
  disabled.
• Carbon Paper
• Invented to aid the blind in writing and typing
• http//trace.wisc.edu/world/ Designing a More
  Usable World
• Text to speech products
• Closed-captioned television, created to help the
  deaf
• Curb cuts
• large-handled can openers
• Auto PC, an in-car voice control
• Searchable PDF documents

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Question 9What is Assistive Technology?

• Adaptive technology? Enabling technology?
  Accommodating technology? Access Technology?
  Liberating technology? Augmentative technology?
  Empowering technology?
• ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY DEFINED In the broadest
  sense, assistive technology is any technology
  which enables someone to do something they
  otherwise couldn't

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MSU RCPD ( Resource Center for Persons with
Disabilities)
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• JAWS for Windows, the world's premier screen
  reader software http//www.hj.com/Index.html
• Started by Ted Henter, a 27-year old mechanical
  engineer and one of the world's top ten
  motorcycle racers who was involved in an
  automobile accident that left him blind.
• JAWS (Job Access With Speech)

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Zoomtext screen magnification software
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CCTV
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Braille Embossers and tactile printers
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Talking tactile maps
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Scanning and reading systems
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Adjustable workstations for easy wheelchair access
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Bob Blanchard MSU Student uses Kurzweil 3000 and
his computer to navigate and read his course
material on line.
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Kurzweil 3000 highlights text as it reads

• Schrödinger equation can be considered as the
  limiting case of a relativistically invariant
  wave equation when the velocity of light goes to
  infinity. Therefore it is not particularly
  surprising that an explicitly non-local
  description such as the transactional model may
  have intrinsic inconsistencies with the
  Schrödinger equation and may require certain
  properties of relativistically invariant wave
  equations.

relativistically
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with the Schrödinger equation and may require
certain properties of relativistically invariant
wave equations
Kurzweil 3000 defines words on command

• The Schrödinger Equation
•   In 1925, Erwin Schrödinger and Werner
  Heisenberg independently developed the new
  quantum theory. Schrödinger's method involves
  partial differential equations, whereas
  Heisenberg's method employs matrices however, a
  year later the two methods were shown to be
  mathematically equivalent. Most textbooks begin
  with Schrödinger's equation, since it seems to
  have a better physical interpretation via the
  classical wave equation. Indeed, the Schrödinger
  equation can be viewed as a form of the wave
  equation applied to matter waves.

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Question 10

• What kind of new assistive technology is being
  created today.
• Often new innovative developments are discovered
  in this process.?

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Commercially available augmentative communication
device
(VOCA) Voice Output Communication Aid
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Special input Devices
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CUSTOM VOCA SYSTEM
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Jim Renuk demonstrates method of access to the web
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Jim uses an infrared transmitter and receiver to
communicate with his desktop system
IR Transmitter on wheelchair
Desktop IR receiver
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