BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS

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BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
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INTRODUCTION

• OSHA ESTIMATES 5.6 MILLION WORKERS IN HEALTH CARE
  AND OTHER FACILITIES ARE AT RISK OF EXPOSURE TO
  BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS SUCH AS HUMAN
  IMUNODEFICIENCY (HIV) AND HEPATITIS B (HBV).

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PURPOSE

• TO PROVIDE SAFE WORKING CONDITIONS THAT PROTECT
  EMPLOYEES FROM BEING UNNECESSARILY EXPOSED TO
  HEALTH HAZARDS

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GENERAL TERMS

• HBV
• HEPATITIS MEANS INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER.
  HEPATITIS B VIRUS IS THE MAJOR INFECTIOUS
  BLOODBORNE HAZARD YOU FACE ON THE JOB

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HIV

• HIV
• HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRSUS ATTACKS THE BODYS
  IMMUNE SYSTEM, CAUSING THE DISEASE KNOWN AS AIDS
  OR ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME

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EXPOSURE TO BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS INCLUDE

• NURSES
• PHYSICIANS
• DENTISTS
• OPERATING ROOM PERSONNEL
• EMERGENCY ROOM PERSONNEL
• LAUNDRY HANDLERS

• LAW ENFORCEMENT
• FIREFIGHTERS
• PARAMEDICS
• EMTS
• FIRST RESPONDERS
• CPR PROVIDERS

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OTHER EXPOSURES

• BLOOD MAY BE PRESENT IN
• - VOMIT
• - URINE
• - FECES

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MODES OF TRANSMISSION

• HIV AND HBV AND OTHER PATHOGENS MAY BE
• PRESENT IN
• BODY FLUIDS SUCH AS SALVIA, SEMEN, VAGINAL
• SECRETIONS, CEREBROSPINAL FLUID, SYNOVIAL
• PLEURAL FLUID, PERITONEAL FLUID,
• PERICARDIAL FLUID, AMNIOTIC FLUID
• SALIVA AND BLOOD CONTACT IN DENTAL
• PROCEDURES
• UNFIXED TISSUE OR ORGANS OTHER THAN
• INTACT SKIN FROM LIVING OR DEAD HUMANS

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MODES OF TRANSMISSION CONT

• ACCIDENTAL INJURY BY CONTAMINATED SHARPS
• CONTACT WITH OPEN CUTS, NICKS AND
• ABRASIONS
• CONTACT WITH MUCOUS MEMBRANES
• MOUTH, NOSE AND EARS

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TRANSMISSION OF VIRUSES
HIV IS TRANSMITTED PRIMARILY THROUGH SEXUAL
CONTACT BUT MAY ALSO BE TRANSMITTED THROUGH
CONTACT WITH BLOOD AND SOME BODY FLUIDS. HIV IS
NOT TRANSMITTED BY TOUCHING, FEEDING OR WORKING
AROUND PATIENTS WHO CARRY THE DISEASE
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WAYS TO TRANSMIT INFECTION

• SEXUAL CONTACT WITH INFECTED PARTNER
• SHARING INFECTED NEEDLES
• CUTTING YOURSELF WITH INFECTED OBJECTS
• GETTING INFECTED BLOOD IN OPEN SORES
• GETTING BLOOD IN YOUR MOUTH , NOSE OR EYES

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WHO HAS HIV OR HBV?

• ALL TYPES OF PEOPLE HAVE THE VIRUSES
• 300,000 PEOPLE ARE INFECTED WITH HBV ANNUALLY
• 35,000 ARE INFECTED WITH HIV

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A PERSON INFECTED WITH HIV
MAY CARRY THE VIRUS WITHOUT DEVELOPING
SYMPTOMS WILL EVENTUALLY DEVELOP AIDS MAY
DEVELOP AIDS RELATED ILLNESSES INCLUDING
NEUROLOGICAL PROBLEMS, CANCER AND OTHER
OPPORTUNIST INFECTIONS
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IF YOU BECOME INFECTED WITH HBV

• YOU MAY FEEL LIKE YOU HAVE THE FLU
• YOU MAY BE SICK ENOUGH TO BE HOSPITALIZED
• YOUR SALVIA AND OTHER BODY FLUIDS MAY BE
  INFECTIOUS

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CONTROL OF BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS

• ENGINEERING CONTROLS

• EMPLOYEE WORK PRACTICES
• PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE
  
  
  
  
  EQUIPMENT
• HOUSEKEEPING
• HEPATITIS B VACCINE

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TRAINING SHALL CONTAIN

• ENGINEERING CONTROLS
• ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
• PPE
• POST EXPOSURE EVALUATIONS
• RECORD KEEPING

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UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

• TREAT ALL BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS AS POTENTIALLY
  INFECTIOUS

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CONTAMINATED SURFACES

• SURFACES CAN BE CONTAMINATED WITHOUT
• VISIBLE SIGNS
• HBV CAN SURVIVE ON SURFACES AT ROOM
• TEMPERATURE FOR AT LEAST A WEEK

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EXPOSURE PREVENTION AND CONTROL

• PLACE CONTAMINATED
  
  
  
  
  SHARPES IN APPROVED
  
  
  
  
  CONTAINERS
• WASH HANDS AFTER
  
  
  
  
  CONTAMINATION
• DO NOT KEEP FOOD OR DRINK ON COUNTERS WHERE
  INFECTIOUS MATERIALS MAY BE PRESENT

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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

• PPE INCLUDES
• GLOVES
• MASKS
• APRONS
• FACESHIELDS
• MOUTHPIECES
• GOWNS
• EYEWARE
• CPR POCKET MASKS
• OTHER EQUIPMENT WHICH MAY REDUCE CONTACT
• WITH SKIN OR OTHER POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS
• MATERIAL

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SAFE HOUSE KEEPING

• WEAR RUBBER GLOVES
• RESTRICT AREA
• USE DISPOSAL TOWELS FOR CLEANUP
• PUT CONTAMINATED BLOOD IN APPROVED CONTAINERS

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BE PREPARED

• ALWAYS WEAR GLOVES WHEN AT RISK
• BE ALERT FOR SHARP OBJECTS
• DO NOT PICK UP GLASS WITH BARE HANDS
• PLACE SHARPS IN APPROVED CONTAINERS

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COMMON SENSE RULES

• BE SURE TO WASH HANDS AND REMOVE PROTECTIVE
  CLOTHING BEFORE
• - EATING
• - DRINKING
• - SMOKING
• - APPLYING COSMETICS
• - HANDLING CONTACTS

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STANDARD THAT APPLIES

• OSHA General Industry Standard
• 29 CFR 1910.1030