EMERGING FOODBORNE PATHOGENS - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 51
About This Presentation
Title:

EMERGING FOODBORNE PATHOGENS

Description:

Salmonella (multidrug resistant strain) Campylobacter jejuni. E. coli O157:H7 ... Important Salmonella Outbreaks in the World. Salmonella serotype distribution ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:957
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 52
Provided by: Gzin
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: EMERGING FOODBORNE PATHOGENS


1
EMERGING FOODBORNE PATHOGENS
  • Prof. Dr. Irfan EROL, DVM, Ph.D. Turkish
    Representative of World Vet. Assoc.
  • Department of Food Hygiene and TechnologySchool
    of Veterinary MedicineAnkara University

2
  • Despite advances in hygiene, consumer knowledge,
    food treatment and processing, foodborne diseases
    mediated by pathogenic microorganisms or
    microbial toxins still represent a significant
    treat to public health worldwide.

3
  • Globally, the WHO has estimated that
    approximately 1.5 billion episodes of diarrhea
    and more than 3 million deaths occurred in
    children under 5 years of age, and a significant
    proportion of these results from consumption of
    food mainly food of animal origin with microbial
    pathogens and toxins

4
Emerging Reemerging Zoonotic Diseases
  • 60 of the human pathogens are zoonotic
  • 75 of emerging zoonotic

5
Emerging Foodborne Pathogens
  • Definition
  • those causing illnesses that have only
    recently appeared or been recognised in a
    population or that are well recognised but are
    rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic
    range

6
Emerging Foodborne Diseases
  • Appeared recently
  • Extended to new vehicles of transmission
  • Started to increase rapidly in incidence or
    geographic range
  • Been widespread for many years but only recently
    identified through new or increased knowledge or
    methods of identification and analysis of the
    disease agent

7
Emerging Foodborne Diseases
  • Pose a threat to all persons no matter on age,
    sex, lifestyle or socio-economic status etc.
  • Feel pain and death
  • Economic impact

8
Emerging Foodborne DiseasesMajor trends
  • Changes in environment (technology, climate, etc)
  • Mass production and globalisation of food supply
  • Economic development
  • International travel and trade
  • Changing character of the population
  • Breakdown in public health
  • Lifestyle changes
  • Microbial adaptation

9
Emerging Foodborne Pathogens
  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
  • Parasites
  • Prion

10
Emerging foodborne bacteria
  • Salmonella (multidrug resistant strain)
  • Campylobacter jejuni
  • E. coli O157H7
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • S. aureus MRSA
  • Vibrio vulnificus
  • Yersinia enterocolitica
  • Arcobacter spp.
  • Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

11
Emerging foodborne viruses
  • Hepatit A and E
  • Norovirus
  • (Avian influenza, AI)

12
Emerging foodborne parasites
  • Cryptosporidium parvum
  • Cyclospora cayetanensis
  • Anisakis spp.

13
Foodborne outbreaks 1996 - 2006
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?

?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?


?
?
?
?
?
?
?

?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? Cryptosporidiosis, Leptospirosis, Lyme
borreliosis ? Brucellosis, E. coli 0157,
Salmonellosis ? BSE
Reference WHO
14
Reference CDC
15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
  • WHO Surveillance Programme for Control of
    Foodborne Infections and Intoxications in Europe
    8th Report 1999-2000 Country Reports Turkey

19
Reference USDAs Economic Research Service
CDC
20
Some Important Salmonella Outbreaks in the World
21
Salmonella serotype distribution in Turkey(Erol
et al., 2009)
  • S. Agona
  • S. Kentucky Spices
  • S. Bredeney

22
Some Important Campylobacter Outbreaks in the
World
23
Campylobacter jejuni
  • Quinolone- and fluoroquinolone-resistant
    Campylobacter jejuni in the United States,
    19822001

24
Campylobacter jejuni
25
Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in turkey meat
(n270)(Cakmak and Erol, 2009)
  • Thermophilic Camylobacter spp. 123 (45.5)
  • C. jejuni 109 (40.3 )
  • C. coli 11 ( 4.0 )
  • Not typed 3

26
Antibiotic resistance profile of C. jejuni
isolates in turkey meat (Cakmak and Erol, 2009)
27
Some important E. coli O157H7 Outbreaks in the
World
28
(No Transcript)
29
E. coli O157H7 isolates found in fecal samples
of cattle and sheep at slaughter in Turkey (Erol
et al., 2008)
30
Toxin profiles of E. coli O157H7 isolated in
Turkey (Erol et al., 2008)
31
Toxin profiles of 11 E. coli O157H7 isolates
within the PFGE groups in cattle in Turkey (Erol
et al., 2008)
32
Some Important Listeria outbreaks in the World
33
(No Transcript)
34
  • Contamination level of turkey meat with
  • L. monocytogenes is 17.8 (32/180)
  • (Ayaz and Erol 2008)

35
L. monocytogenes serotype distribution
  • 44.9 1/2a
  • 37.2 4b
  • 9.0 1/2b
  • 9.0 1/2c

36
Antibiotic resistance profiles of L.
monocytogenes in turkey meat (n24) (Ayaz and
Erol, 2008)
37
(No Transcript)
38
Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in
Turkey(Kursun and Erol, 2003)
39
(No Transcript)
40
(No Transcript)
41
Antibiotic resistance
  • Its a global concern of the antibiotic
    resistance of major foodborne pathogens such as
  • Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104
  • Campylobacter spp.
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • E. coli O157H7
  • Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
  • Enterococcus (VRE)

42
Foodborne InfectionsIntoxications Known/ Unknown
Reported Positive Isolates
Lab. Confirmed Cases
Suspectible Cases
Hospitalised No sample taken
Unnotified Cases
No medical intervention
43
Farm to table main contamination points
44
  • Surveillance
  • Risk management Epidemiologi
    cal evaluation /
  • Risk assessment
  • Research

45
Control of Foodborne Disease
  • From farm to table approach
  • Implementation of GMP and HACCP

46
Public Health Approach
  • Public health system
  • Surveillance
  • Epidemiology for earlier diagnosis
  • Early response to outbreaks
  • Provide to disease patterns changing
  • Public health lab. support for rapid and accurate
    diagnosis
  • Rapid communication links
  • Communication to public
  • Education on prevention and/or detection

47
THANK YOU
E-mail erol_at_veterinary.ankara.edu.tr
48
Factors contributing to the global incidence of
foodborne disease
  • Poor sanitary conditions
  • Malnutrition
  • Changing demographics (increasing population of
    infants, elderly)
  • Inadequate public health infrastructure
  • Inadequate hygienic and technological conditions
    of food production
  • Inadequate cooking, reheating and storage
    conditions
  • Increasing tourism and international trade
  • Increasing animal movement and insufficient
    control of borders
  • Increasing international trade of animal and food
  • Inadequate legislation and official control
    system
  • Emerging/reemerging foodborne pathogens
  • Acquisition of virulence and antibiotic genes by
    nonpathogenic bacteria
  • Adaptation and enhanced survival of pathogens in
    food
  • Inadequate consumer education

49
Trichinellosisoutbreak in Turkey
  • Although there is a religious restriction on pork
    meat consumption, in January 2004 there was a big
    trichinellosis outbreak occurred by consuming çig
    köfte (raw ground meat ball-traditional food) in
    Izmir
  • 542 people were affected and samples were found
    to be contaminated with T. britovi

50
One World One Health (OWOH)
  • The medical and veterinary professions have a
    common interest in many diseases, primarily
    zoonotic diseases such as BSE, SARS and, most
    recently, Avian Influenza (H5N1), have
    highlighted the need for interprofessional
    collaboration not just locally and nationally,
    but on a global scale.

51
One World One Health (OWOH)
  • Improving animal and human health globally
    through collaboration among all the health
    sciences, especially between the veterinary and
    human medical professions to address critical
    needs.
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com