SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY

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SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY
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SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY
PROCEDURE
1. IDENTIFY MAJOR DEPOSITIONAL UNITS 2.
INTEGRATE WELL SEISMIC 3. ANLYZE REFLECTION
CHRACTERISTICS 4. RELATE LITHOLOGY TO SEISMIC 5.
PREDICT ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING LITHOLOGY 6.
DETERMINE AN AGE MODEL 7. EVALUATE PREDICTIONS
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SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY
TECHNIQUE
1. SEISMIC SEQUENCE ANALYSIS 2. SEISMIC-WELL
TIE 3. SEISMIC FACES ANALUSIS 4. SEISMIC
CALIBRATION 5. GEOLOGIC INTERPRETION 6.
CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS 7. SEISMIC AND
STRATIGRAPHIC MODELING
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USING A STRATIGRPHIC FRAMEWORK
STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK
ANALYSIS
BURIAL HISTORY
TRAP DEVELOPMENT AND TIMING
MODELING
TEMPERATURE HISTORY
RESERVOIR PROPERTIES
HYDROCARBON GENERATION
PREDICTION
SOURCE
MIGRATION
RESERVOIR
SEAL
TRAP
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EPSODIC VS CYCLIC DEPOSOTION
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BED VS DEPOSITIONAL SEQUENCES
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SEISMIC REFLECTION

• GENERATED AT PHYSICAL SURFACES ACROSS WHICH
  THERE IS A CHANGE IN IMPEDENCE
• POLARITY IS DETERMINED BY SIGN OF THE REFLECTION
  COEFFCIENT
• AMPLITUDE IS A FUNCTION OF
• - MAGNITUDE OF THE REFLECTION COEFFCIENT
• - SHARPNESS OF THE REFLECTION COEFFCIENT
• - RESOLUTION OF THE SYSTEM

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REFLECTION AND TIME-STRATIGRAPHY
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SEISMIC RESPONSE OF STARATAL SURFACES

• SEISMIC REFLECTIONS PARALLEL STARATAL SURFACES
• RESOLUTION IS COMMONLY AT SCALE OF PARASQUENCES
• REFLECTION TERMINATION INDICATES THE ASSOCIATED
  STRATAL UNIT HAS
• - ENDED ABRUPTLY (TRUNCATION)
• OR
• - THINNED BELOW RESOLUTION (LABOUT)

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MARKING THE SEISMIC SECTION
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SEISMIC RESPONSE OF FACIES CHANGES
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LIMITATIONS
RESOLUTION

• VERTICAL
• LATERAL

IMPROPER POSITIONING REFLECTIONS

• DIP ANALOG SECTION
• OUT-OF-PLANE REFLECTION

NONPRIMARY REFLECTIONS

• NONCOHERENT NOISE
• COHERENT NOISE

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LITHOLOGY PREDICTION
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SEISMIC FACIES ANALYSIS APPROACH
SEISMIC FACIES ANALYSIS
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INTEGRATED FACIES ANALYSIS
WELL AND SEISMIC DATA
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SEISMIC FACIES PARAMETERS
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REFLECTION GEOMETRIES
INTERNAL CONFIGURATIONS
UNSTRATIFIED
STRATIFIED
SIMPLE
PROGADATIONAL
COMPLEX
CHAOTIC
REFLECTION FREE

• SEGMIOD
• OBLIQUE
• COMBINATION
• SHINGLED

• MOUNDED
• HUMMOCHY
• DEFORMED

• BARALLEL
• SUBPARALLEL
• DIVERGENT

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REFLECTION GEOMETRIES
EXTERNAL FORM
UNIFORM THICKNESS
VARYING THICKNESS

• SHEET-EVEN
• SHEET-DRAPE
• SHEET-SMOOTHING

• FILL
• MOND
• COMBINATION

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GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS
ABC TECHNIQUE
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DEPOSITIONAL ENERGY
HIGH
LOW
DEPOSITIONAL PROCESSES SEDIMENTARY FACIES
DIAGNOSTIC GEOMETRIES EXPLORATION

• ACTIVE
• SORTED
• COARSEST AVAILABLE GRAIN SIZE
• TOPLAB/OBLIQUE
• MOUNDS

• QUIET WATER
• POOR SORTING
• FINE PRESENT
• SHEET/DRAPE
• SIGMOID PROG.
• SLOPE FRONT FILL

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REFLECTION CHARECTERISTICS AND DEPOSITIONAL
ENERGY
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LITHOLOGY PREDICTION
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VISUAL SEISMIC SIGNATURES OF HYDROCARBON
INDICATORS

• AMPLITUDE ANOMALY
• FREQUENCY ANOMALY
• TIME SAG
• ABRUPT TERMINATIONS
• PHASE CHANGE
• FLUID CONTACT REFLECTION
• SHADOW ZONE
• CHINMEY

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FALSE HDIS AND PITFALLS
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PRELIMINARY EVALUATION 2-D INTERPRETATION
TECHNIQUES
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USING A STRATIGRPHIC FRAMEWORK
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PRELIMINARY EVALUATION 3-D INTERPRETATION
TECHNIQUES
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PRELIMINARY EVALUATION 3-D INTERPRETATION
TECHNIQUES
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SEISMIC-WELL TIES
PURPOSE TO COMBINE TWO DATA SETS FOR A MORE
COMPLETE INTERPERATION

• SEISMIC DATA
• TWO WAY TIME
• SEISMIC VELOCITY
• SEISMIC IMPEDENCE
• SEISMIC SEQUENCES
• SEISMIC FACIES
• STRUCTURE

• WELL DATA
• LINEAR DEPTH
• VELOCITY
• DENSITY
• GEOLOGIC AGE
• LITHOLOGY
• FAULT ORIENTATION