Chapter 11 The Islamic World Section 2: The Spread of Islam

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Chapter 11 - The Islamic WorldSection 2 The
Spread of Islam
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• The Story Continues
• According to the Quran and the Hadith (sayings
  of the Prophet,) during a journey to Jerusalem,
  Muhammad traveled through seven heavens to visit
  the throne of God. Although some followers
  refused to believe the stories at first, one
  faithful convert named Abu Bakr accepted it
  immediately. For this faithfulness he was called
  The Upright.

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Muhammad meets Gabriel on his night journey
The winged steed Buraq, carries Muhammad to the
"farthest mosque"
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I. Expansion under Abu Bakr and Umar

• When Muhammad died in A.D. 632, his
• followers chose Abu Bakr as their next leader

Muhammad and Abu Bakr visit poor Bedouins who
have no sustenance to share until the Prophet
makes their ewe give milk
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I. Expansion under Abu Bakr and Umar

• Abu Bakr was given the title caliph, united
• Arabic tribes and expanded Islams influence

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I. Expansion under Abu Bakr and Umar

• Umar succeeded Abu Bakr as caliph and
• conquered the Persian Empire and Iraq

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I. Expansion under Abu Bakr and Umar

• The Arabs also made treaties without battle
• and did not force all conquered people to
• convert to Islam

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I. Expansion under Abu Bakr and Umar

• Muhammad accepted the Torah and the
• Bible as part of Gods teachings. Jews and
• Christians could convert or pay extra taxes

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I. Expansion under Abu Bakr and Umar

• The caliphs after Umar expanded into India,
• North Africa, the Mediterranean and Spain

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II. The Islamic Community Divides

• Disagreement about who should be caliph
• split the Muslim community when Umars
• successor, Uthman, was murdered

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II. The Islamic Community Divides

• Muhammads son-in-law, Ali, was chosen as
• the next caliph, but Uthmans relative
• Muawiyah protested

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II. The Islamic Community Divides

• War broke out between the two sides, and
• after Ali was assassinated in 661, Muawiyah
• became caliph

Swearing of allegiance to Ali in the seventh
century following the murder of 'Uthman
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II. The Islamic Community Divides

• Most Muslims agreed to accept Muawiyah as
• caliph and became known as the Sunni, or
• followers of the Sunna

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II. The Islamic Community Divides

• Alis followers believed that only his
• descendants should be caliphs and they
• became known as the Shiah (or Shi'ite )

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II. The Islamic Community Divides

• Sunni - agreements among the people should
• settle religious matters
• Shiah - imams should decide both religious
• and worldly matters

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II. The Islamic Community Divides

• The split deepened when Muawiyahs
• descendants killed Alis son Husayn

Mausoleum of Imam Husayn, Kerbala, Iraq
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II. The Islamic Community Divides

• Later another group developed - the Sufi,
• Muslim mystics that lived simple lives centered
• on God

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III. The Empire Continues to Spread

• The Berbers from North Africa converted to
• Islam and in A.D. 711, Tariq conquered Spain

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III. The Empire Continues to Spread

• Muslims in Spain were called Moors and ruled
• parts of Spain for more than 700 years

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III. The Empire Continues to Spread

• Turks from the steppes came into contact with
• Muslims and by the late 900s, many
• converted to Islam

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III. The Empire Continues to Spread

• The Turks settled around Baghdad and were
• ruled by a sultan by the mid-1000s were the
• dominant ruling force

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III. The Empire Continues to Spread

• In the 1250s Muslim expansion slowed as
• Christians captured western Muslim cities and
• Mongols destroyed Baghdad

Hulagu Khan's army attacks Baghdad, 1258