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The Journey to the West

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The Journey to the West. A story about pilgrimage ... journey with 81 ordeals preordained for Xuanzang. Chapter 98-100: successful completion of the journey ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Journey to the West


1
The Journey to the West
  • A story about pilgrimage
  • Xuanzang (Hsuan-tsang, 596-664) and his
    adventurous pilgrimage to India.
  • Characters Tang Sanzang, Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie,
    Sha Wujing
  • Sources of this novel
  • Story cycles already popular before the writing
    of the novel
  • Indian work Ramayana?

2
Xuanzang the foremost pilgrim in Chinese History
  • Xuanzang or Tang Sanzang
  • Historically, the most respected Chinese pilgrim
    and one of the greatest Buddhist masters
  • Traveled to India for 16 years (629-645), brought
    back 657 items of Buddhist scriptures, as well
    translated and compiled translations of 74 works
    in 1335 volumes
  • Founder of a new Chinese Buddhist school in the
    Tang dynastythe Faxiang or Weishi
    (Conscious-only) School
  • Probably responsible for the composition of the
    Heart Sutra (Xinjing), the shortest Buddhist
    sutra, but the most-recited one.
  • His pilgrimage, which was to resolve the
    controversy regarding Buddha nature, inspired
    storytellers to write stories about his
    adventurous journey

3
General Synopsis of the Novel
  • Chapters 1-7 the birth of Sun Wukong, his
    acquisition of immortality and magic power, his
    invasion and disturbance of Heaven, and his final
    subjugation by the Buddha under Mt. Five Phases
  • Chapter 8 the Buddha declars his intention to
    impart the Buddhist canon to the Chinese, and the
    journey of Guanyin to the East
  • Chapters 9-12 fictional account of Xuanzang his
    birth and his vengeance on his fathers murder
    Minister Wezheng excuted a dragon, Emperor Tang
    Taizongs journey to the underworld.
  • Chapters 13-97 the journey with 81 ordeals
    preordained for Xuanzang
  • Chapter 98-100 successful completion of the
    journey

4
Narrative Structure of the Novel
  • Prose interlaced with verse
  • Writer influenced by vigorous poetic tradition
  • Writer inherited prosimetric characters of
    transformation text (bianwen)
  • Purposes of the short, interlaced poetry
  • Personal commentary e.g., critique of decadent
    Confucian and Buddhist morality
  • Moral judgment
  • Exemplum sustain moral arguments
  • Summary
  • Function of narrative verses
  • Describing scenery, battle, seasons, living
    beings
  • Presenting dialogues
  • Presenting authorial commentary on the action and
    character
  • highlighting religious themes and rhetoric as
    well as allegorical devices

5
Ideas and Terms Associated with Buddhism (I)
  • Four great continents (p. 66)
  • Ten thousand kalpas (p. 67)
  • Rare pagodas (p. 69)
  • Worshiped bodhisattva (p.69)
  • Monkey Kings vexation (p.72)
  • King Yama, king of the underworld (p.73)
  • Trouble by impermanence (p.73)
  • Three species the Buddhas, the immortals, the
    holy sages (p.73)
  • Wheel of transmigration (p.73)
  • Origin and the dharma of all things (p.75)
  • Never ending desire (pp.75-76)
  • Patriarch Subodhi and Buddha nature (pp. 79-81)
  • Monkey Kings name change Wukong-- awakening
    to emptiness (p. 82)

6
Ideas and Terms Associated with Buddhism (II)
  • Gold lotus, three vehicles, Zen (Chan) p.83
  • Buddha or immortal (p.88)
  • Three calamities (thunder, fire, mighty wind) (p.
    89)
  • The mind (p.91) that make things difficult
  • Oral formulaBuddhist mantra (dharani)(p.91)
  • Merit accumulation (p.91)
  • Dragon king and Yaksa (p.103)
  • Birthless and deathless body (p.103)
  • Three religions (p.111)
  • Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha (p. 112)
  • Samsara (p. 113)
  • Bodhisattva Guanyin (pp. 150, 155, 180f)

7
Ideas and Terms Associated with Buddhism (III)
  • Tushita Palace (Maitreyas Heaven) (p.167)
  • Tathagata (p.168), his might, unfathomable power
    (p. 176)
  • Western Region (p.170)
  • Ananda, Kashypa, Sakyamuni(p.171)
  • Buddha is universe (p.173)
  • Western Paradise (p.175)
  • Monkey King meets retribution (p.174)
  • Amitabha (p. 178)
  • Compassion (p.179)

8
Ideas and Terms Associated with Buddhism (IV)
  • The mind is Buddha, and the Buddha is mind
    (p.297)
  • Beginning of pilgrimage (p.303)
  • Six robbers whose names represent six senses
    when they are impure eye, ear, nose, tongue,
    mind, body
  • Violence vs. Anti-violence Pilgrimage Sun
    (disciple) vs. Tripitaka (master) (pp.301,308),
    ,ore killings (p.355)
  • Guanyins manifestation (pp.309-310)

9
Ideas and Terms Associated with Buddhism (V)
  • Greed (Bajie, chapter 18, p.457 monks in Guanyin
    Hall, p.333) gluttonous (Bajie, p.373) Pilgrim
    calls Bajie glutton, preta (p.402)
  • Bajies name means forbidding killing, stealing,
    sexual immorality, lying, the use of cosmetics
    and other personal comforts, strong drink, the
    use of dancing and music, and eating out of
    regulation hour)
  • Monkey King slowly transforms, becoming less
    violent (p.338)
  • Guanyin always helps (p.361)
  • World of dust (p.386)
  • The dharma is born through mind (p.597)
  • The Heart Sutra (pp.393-394)

10
Ideas and Terms Associated with Taoism (I)
  • Yin-Yang (p.66)
  • Man was born at Yin (P.66)
  • Immortal stone (p.67)
  • Celestial Jade Emperor (pp.68, 102)
  • The Flower-Fruit Mountain (p.68)
  • The Blessed Land of Flower
  • Fruit Mountain
  • All kinds of herbs, yellow sperms (p.72)
  • Does not know contentment (p.72)
  • Immortal mountain in a blessed land (p.73)
  • Immortal peaches (p.73)
  • Fruits associated with health/longevity (p.75)
  • In search of immortals way (p.75), immortality
    (p.76)

11
Ideas and Terms Associated with Taoism (II)
  • Cultivation of the Tao (p.78)
  • Nature described in poem (p.79)
  • Yak-tail (symbol of purity and detachment) (p.83)
  • Vital force, the semen, the breath, breathing
    exercise (p.88)
  • Transformations (p.90)
  • Fly and ascension (p.90)
  • North Sea (p.90)
  • Monkey Kings dream (p.109)
  • Register of Death

12
Ideas and Terms Associated with Taoism (III)
  • Three Pure Ones (p.134)
  • Immortal maidens (p.136)
  • Queen Mother of the West (p.137)
  • Lao-tzu (p.141)
  • Golden Elixir of Nine Turns (p.43)
  • Power of Taoism (p.167)
  • Eight Trigrams (p.167)
  • Huang Shih-kung and Red Pine Seeds (p.311)
  • Weakness conquer strong (Tripitaka vs. Pilgrim)
  • The rare object of art should not be exposed
    (p.334)
  • Knead the cinnabar and refine the mercury (p.348)

13
Ideas and Terms Associated with Taoism (IV)
  • Taoist ideals (poem on p.368)
  • Taoists as exorcists (p.370)
  • Longevity (p.464)
  • Ginseng fruit and Ginseng tree (p.478)
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