U.S. HISPANIC IMMIGRANT LABOR Anonymous by request

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U.S. HISPANIC IMMIGRANT LABOR Anonymous by
request

• ECE 410/510 Edge War, Trade and Poverty
• Professor Bruce Lusignan
• Portland State University
• Summer Term 2007

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Melting Pot or Mosaic?

• Have you ever seen a mosaic? A mosaic is a
  beautiful figure made of many unique pieces of
  broken glass or pottery, or even torn pieces of
  paper, joined together to create a new picture.
  Each small piece was once part of some other
  whole. Now, each piece joins other pieces
  some like it, some completely different-to make
  something newunique.
• Historically, the United Sates was called a
  melting pot. Immigrants who come to this country
  were anticipated to give up the traditions, the
  way. of their homeland to become another
  American. The newcomers would adopt the majority
  culture, and all would become one. There would
  be no way to tell the immigrant from the native
  born all would become oneperhaps the
  samereally...how?
• The idea of the United states as a melting pot is
  not a popular one with many groups now days.
  They do not like the idea of being told that they
  must destroy and forget their heritage to become
  only another American. For this groups, and many
  native-born citizens as well, the concept of
  America as a mosaic is much more pleasing. Each
  person retains their unique characteristics of
  their heritage which make them special and what
  they must be proud of. Them, by joins with other
  groups who also had retain their heritage. Then,
  the outcome must be something bigger, more
  unique.and more beautiful is made.
• Overall, the behind idea of melting pot or
  mosaic is that the individual remains an
  individual, and the country benefits from what
  each individual brings to the complete picture.

Anonymous by request
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Introduction

• Immigration by Wikipedia is the movement of
  people from one nation-state to another.
• This document is going to remind and teach us
  about the origin of immigrants into United States
  history and their straggles. Most of the
  different Hispanic groups come to work and work
  very hard, in order to earn better wages than
  they would back home. They (we) fill significant
  labor needs in the U.S. economy and contribute to
  the economy through lower consumer prices and
  sales taxes.

The global volume of immigration is high in
absolute terms, but low in relative terms.
Anonymous by request
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After 2000 legal immigrants to the United States
number approximately 1,000,000 legal immigrants
per year. In 2006, 1.27 million immigrants were
granted legal residence. Mexico has been the
leading source of new U.S. residents for over two
decades since 1998, China, India, and the
Philippines have been in the top four sending
countries every year. In California,
non-Hispanic white slipped from 80 of the
states population in 1970 to 43 in 2006. By
one account, the actual number of annual legal
immigrants was estimated at 500,000 to 600,000 in
1989. This subsequently increased and is now
well over 1 million annually, not including
illegal migration or temporary work visas. Net
illegal immigration also soared from about
130,000 per year in the 1970s to as high as
1,500,000 per year in 2006. Twenty cities,
including Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Diego,
Chicago, Miami, Denver, Seattle, Salem, and
Portland, Maine, have adopted sanctuary
ordinances banning police from asking people
about their immigration status. If current birth
and immigration rates were to remain unchanged
for another 60 to 70 years, US population would
double to some 600 million people. The actual
number of admitted refugees rose in subsequently
years with refugee ceiling for 2006 at 70,000. A
May 25, 2007 article notes that in the past seven
months only 69 people from Iraq have been granted
refugee status in the United States.
Anonymous by request
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U.S. Immigration Policy I believe that this must
analyze in the perspective of two contrary
tensions, one pulling for a more liberal,
hospitable policy the second one as a more
conservative, restrictive policy. There is a
variety of factors influence the urge in the
direction of a moral liberal policy. Travel and
communication turn out to be very easy in recent
years, and the word is interconnected and
independent. Many foreign companies now are
establish in the U.S. and increasing number of
U.S. companies are establish in foreign
countries. As a consequence, the international
business community expects to be proficient to
transfer its workforce where it needs, regardless
of the political restrictions. As a consequence,
many Americans see the U.S. as having a
distinctive position in the world-protector to
nations and people from over the globe.
Other factors lead the U.S. toward a less
hospitable, more conservative immigration policy.
The U.S. population has grown radically
throughout its history, and a number of Americans
believe that further growth would be bad for the
country. Many of the people who seek to enter
the U.S. come from very diverse cultural
backgrounds. Some Americans fear diversity and
even see these differences as a threat to the
American life fashion. The awareness that
immigrants take jobs from citizens and act as a
drain on society by committing crimes and
collecting welfare leads to pressure to keep as
many stranger as possible out the country.
Given the fact that noncitizens cannot vote,
politicians can blame immigrants for variety of
social problems without having to worry about
losing their political support. In addition,
concerns about national security, especially in
the days since September 11, 2001, have increased
concerns about noncitizens entering U.S.
Anonymous by request
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Texas In 1821, an American merchant named Moses
Austin received permission from Mexico to move
three hundred settlers into Texas. The small
settlement quickly ballooned in size to thousands
of people, and Mexico was forced to grant Texas
independence. In 1845, the U.S. annexed Texas.
This angered the Mexican government and led to
the Mexican-American War. The war ended with the
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which awarded the
United States the territory that is the
modern-day states of California, Utah, Arizona,
New Mexico, Nevada, and parts of Colorado and
Wyoming. Nearly 80,000 Mexican lived in these
regions.
Most of them were granted U.S. citizenship.
American citizenship was not necessary in the
best interest of these new citizens. Most did
not speak English and were living on land granted
to them by the Mexican government. The U.S.
government refused to recognize most of these
land grants without lengthy and expensive court
proceedings, resulting in the loss of land for
many of the new citizens. They did not
comprehend the court system and spoke English so
poorly that they did not understand what was
happening to them. Others were forced to sell
their land to pay back the loans they took out to
pay for the court proceedings. By the late 1800s,
most Mexican Americans were living and working on
land that belonged to Anglo-European settlers who
had seized their land. They began living
together in barrios (neighborhoods) in Spanish.
Anonymous by request
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Mexican Immigration Immigration from Mexico and
other Latin American countries was extremely low
during the late 1800s. Some Mexicans were
attracted to farm jobs on ranchos in Texas, but
overall, immigration was very light. The vast
majority of immigrants into the U.S. came across
the Atlantic Ocean.
Atlantic Ocean, the second largest of the earth's
five oceans and the most heavily traveled. The
Atlantic is divided into two nominal sections
The part north of the equator is called the North
Atlantic the part south of the equator, the
South Atlantic.
In 1900, an estimated 4000,000 to 550,000 Mexican
Americans were living through out the country.
Economic conditions in Mexico quickly worsened,
causing a sharp rise in the number of immigrants
to the U.S. The Mexican Revolution caused another
increase in immigration, as thousands sought to
escape the chaos in their home country. This was
the beginning of a wave of immigration that
eventually saw more than 700,000 Mexicans enter
the U.S. In the 1920s, about 10 of all
immigration into the U.S. was from Mexico. Most
of the immigrants settled in the Southwest,
working at railroads, mines, factories, and farms.
Anonymous by request
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Causes

• Theories of immigration traditionally distinguish
  between push factors and pull factors.
• Push factors refer primarily to the motive for
  emigration from the country of origin
• For some migrants, education is the primary pull
  factor.

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Immigrations Causes Theories of immigration
traditionally distinguish between push factors
and pull factors. Push factors refer primarily
to the motive for emigration from the country of
origin. In the case of economic migration
(usually labor migration), differentials in wage
rates are prominent. Poor individuals from less
developed countries can have far higher standards
of living in developed countries than in their
originating countries. Escape from poverty
(personal or for relatives staying behind) is a
traditional push factor, the availability of jobs
is the related pull factor. Natural disasters can
amplify poverty-driven migration flows. This kind
of migration may be illegal immigration in the
destination country.
For some migrants, education is the primary pull
factor. Retirement migration from rich countries
to lower-cost countries with better climate, is a
new type of international migration. An example
is immigration of retired British citizens to
Spain or Italy. Some, although relatively few,
immigrants justify their drive to be in a
different country for cultural or health related
reasons and very seldom, again in relative
quantitative terms compared to the actual number
of international migrants world-wide, choose to
migrate as a form of self-expression towards the
establishment or to satisfy their need to
directly perceive other cultural environments
because economics is almost always the primary
motivator for constant, long-term, or permanent
migration, but especially for that type of
inter-regional or inter-continental migration
that holds true even for people from developed
countries.
Non-economic push factors include persecution
(religious and otherwise), frequent abuse,
bullying, oppression, ethnic cleansing and even
genocide, and risks to civilians during war.
Anonymous by request
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ANONYMOUS PERSONAL INTERVIEW 1. Who are I am
interviewing? 2. Whats her/his job/title was on
Mexico? 3. Whats her/his job/title is on
U.S.? 4. What is her educational background? 5.
Why did you choose your major (in Mexico)? 6.
What was it like for a professional woman/men
work on Mexico? 7. Did people family and friends
support your decision when you chose to move to
U.S.? 8. What advice do you have for professional
woman/men moving to U.S. and find that everything
is not easier as they may have though before
moving to this country? 9. What is the best and
worst part of your job as professional woman/men
(on Mexico) on this country (U.S.) 10. What do
you do for fun and stress relief? 11. What
accomplishment's) are you most proud of? 12. Why
this jobs in U.S.? 13. How did the career
develop? 14. Why do you think is hard to find a
female/male Spanish people with higher education
in this country? 15. Why does immigration gap and
discrimination against Spanish professional/non
professional people exist? 16. What we can do to
motivate or help more Spanish people not to drop
their schools and achieve higher education on
this country?
Anonymous by request
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NAFTA The North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA) went into effect on January 1, 1994.
NAFTA was attempting to establish a tariff-free
trade area and to remove barriers to investment
between the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
There are provisions to add more members.
Proponents of NAFTA claimed that its creation
will lead to more high-wage jobs in the United
States and equalization between the economies of
the member countries. Not everyone sees it that
way. Some U.S. critics claimed that the lifting
of investment and trade restrictions will send
business (and their jobs) to the other members,
primarily to Mexico. Because the wages are so
low there, the business owners would see
increasing profit margins while the employees
would be without a job. As can be expected,
many business owners were in favor of the
agreement while many labor unions were not.
Human rights activists were and still also
concerned about the effects of NAFTA, since big
businesses may exploit workers in countries where
there are fewer laws to protect workers and the
environment. Businesses may find it cheaper to do
business in countries like Mexico because they
can get away with business practices American
laws would never tolerate. Factories are often
unsafe workdays can be extremely long and child
labor is common. As the worlds economy becomes
more and more global, many people feel we also
need global laws to protect the worlds workers
from unscrupulous corporations.
Anonymous by request
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  Del Monte immigration raid highlights labor
issues

• June 2007, Immigration heats close home. Fresh
  Del Monte Produce fruit and vegetable processing
  plant. Tuesday, June 12, 2007, in Portland, Ore.
  Federal agents on Tuesday raided the offices of a
  food processing plant suspected of employing
  hundreds of illegal workers
• 170 employees were taken into custody and more
  arrests
• 6/15/2007 - An immigration raid this week on a
  Fresh Del Monte Produce processing plant
  indicates that federal officials are continuing
  their campaign to crack down on the industry's
  use of illegal labour.

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Before going into the conclusion of this
presentation, I would like all of you to accept
my deep apologies if I have offended anyone since
the beginning of my presentation and with my
following conclusion. You have to believe that
this have not been my intention there all, my
only intention with this document is to learn
more about my background and also you to learn
about this controversial issue.
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CONCLUSION Two aspects of this U.S. Hispanic
Immigrant Labor document need further discussion
the ability issue and the matter of choices. The
idea of an intellectual immigrant gap is not new.
The matter of peoples choices is viewed
differently by different observers. Our
educational and occupational system certainly
does present a very wide variety of choices, but
unfortunately it doesnt say that they are the
same for everyone. For this reason, I believe the
immigration and discrimination problems Hispanic
people face are many but the most significant is
ignorance by Americans, who do not since to care
how much and what information their government
hits from them. In particular about this
controversial issue. Even though the history of
Hispanic Immigrant Labor in the U.S.A. is
heartbreaking it can also be fascinating, for all
what Hispanic immigrants had been contributing to
the national security and welfare in our society
and through the world. The U.S.A. history is
incomplete without consideration of Hispanic
Immigrant Labor and contributions in the U.S. I
believe that the people identity in the present
age depends on the negative response of
boundaries and their upholding. I strongly
believe Hispanic Immigrant Labor in the U.S.
should get more recognition and equality. I
believe that there is a big difference between
happiness and delight. Men and women cannot fully
take pleasure in their lives while their manhood
or womanhood is destroyed or punished by stupid
prejudices and ignorant social status. The
entire happiness of a human must always be based
on being respected, having the right to chose to
be whatever they want to be and leave whatever
they want to be, regardless of their color,
nationality, language, accent, gender, and any
other brainless prejudices. Only because I
speak with an accent, this does not mean I think
with an accent
Anonymous by request