Verimatrix Siemens Watermarking Technology Application

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Verimatrix / SiemensWatermarking Technology
Application

• A presentation to the CPTWG

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• Verimatrix in partnership with Siemens ICN is
  able to provide a video watermarking solution for
  the analog hole based upon technology developed
  initially by the Fraunhofer Institute and
  licensed by Verimatrix.

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Overview

• Applied to the Analog Hole, the solution is
• a novel video watermarking technology application
• highly viable as a video watermark
• Invisible conveys CCI
• Extremely reliable and robust
• Multi-layered for excellent security
• Highly resistant against sophisticated attack.
• Economic for inclusion in low-cost codec chips
  for CE and IT devices

Intended for use in broadcast, cable, satellite,
and fixed media applications
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How it works
Device
Platforms with Analog outputs
Digital Recorder
WM Detector
Cable
Analog Video with Watermark
Satellite
Analog to Digital
Copy rules obeyed
gt
gt
DVD Player
WM Detector
VCR
DVD R/RW
Internet
Other A/D converters DTV, PC, DVR,
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CCI Primary States
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Intellectual Property

• Patents
• US 6,359,985 (with the priority date on Jun
  16, 1995). This patent covers a set of digital
  watermarking methods, including a method for
  watermarking color or grayscale images or videos
  by slightly modifying coefficients in frequency
  representation (particularly in DCT domain) of
  digital data.
• Europe EP 879535B1, DE 195 219 69 C1
• Pending in Japan, Canada, (WO 97/00578 A1)
• Backed by Legal Opinions

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Technical Information

• Frequency-based (DCT-based) perceptual modeling
• for best invisibility
• Tightly-bound with the content of digital data
• cannot be lifted
• Securely embedded
• multiple layer security
• Watermark survives all kinds of video processing
  typically used in a professional environment
• copying, editing, further compression stages,
• logo insertion, or conversion to the analog
  domain,
• discoverable in Digital to Digital transcoding.

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MPEG Encoder Overview
Pre- processing
Motion Estimation
DCT
Quantization
Variable Length Coding
MPEG Video Output
Input Video
Example of standard MPEG encoder
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MPEG Encoder withWatermark Insertion
W E A M T B E E R D M D A E
R R K
Pre- processing
Motion Estimation
DCT
Quantization
Variable Length Coding
MPEG Video Output
Input Video
Example of standard MPEG encoder with Watermark
Inserter
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Watermark Embedding
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Watermark insertionusing DCT coefficients
DCT Coefficients (post Quantization)
DCT Coefficients (post Watermarking)
W E A M T B E E R D M D A E
R R K
For the bit being added - that the ratio of the
two DCT values must be set such that the first
bit is larger than the second bit. Meaning the
bit value of 16 must be changed to be larger than
17. Depending on the perceptual model the value
17 could have been changed to 15 to establish the
correct ratio.
From the input DCT coefficients the Ratio of the
highlighted DCT values will be used to add a
watermark bit
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Watermark detection using DCT coefficients
DCT Coefficients (post inverse quantization)
D E T E C T O R
Extracted watermark payload bits is based on the
ratio of the two highlighted DCT coefficients
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MPEG Decoder Overview
Variable Length Decoding
Inverse Quantization
IDCT
Post Processing
Output Video
MPEG Input
Example of standard MPEG decoder
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MPEG Decoder withWatermark Detector
W D A E T T E E R C M T A O R R
K
Output Video
Variable Length Decoding
Inverse Quantization
IDCT
Post Processing
MPEG Input
Example of standard MPEG decoder with Watermark
Detector
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Feature Summary

• Watermarking can occur in DCT-based compressed
  video (MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG4, H.264, WM9, other)
• Detection in both compressed or non-compressed
  video
• Watermarking each frame (may partially watermark
  P- or B- frames if direct watermarking in
  compressed data required)
• Support for all MPEG1 and MPEG2 profiles MP_at_ML,
  422P_at_ML, and MP_at_HL, other
• The MPEG-2 video materials can be
• long GOP or I-frame only
• variable (VBR) or constant (CBR) bit rates
• Program Streams or Transport Streams
• 169 and 43 aspect ratios supported

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Feature Summary(cont.)

• Very low false positive rate is achieved by
  aggregating watermark signals from video frames
  (in time domain)
• Robust against, for example
• D/A, A/D, and VHS conversion
• Down to 200K bps Divx compression
• Format conversion (PALlt-gtNTSC)
• Scaling, shifting and cropping
• Low-pass filtering
• Noise addition
• Invisibility
• Passed several tests by professional independent
  organizations

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Feature Summary(cont.)

• Any bit rates from 500 Kbps (MPEG-4) up to 50
  Mbps (MPEG-2, 422 profile _at_ main level)
• High Level coding capabilities (HD)
• PAL and NTSC supported
• Codec independent

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Tamper Proofing Through Onion Skin Peel-Away
Feature Summary(cont.)

• Watermark detectors look for one of several
  possible marks.
• If one mark is compromised, detector can move to
  one of the alternate marks to restore usefulness.
• Different marks could assert different codes.

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CompetitiveAdvantages

• Low Insertion Overhead watermark embedding can
  be performed on compressed MPEG (in DCT domain)
  up to 10x real time can be achieved
• Low-cost both watermark embedding and detection
  can be implemented in chips very economically
  DCT/IDCT processing circuitry is very well known
  in video industry.
• Efficient To change CCI bits,
  watermarking of analog video will require an MPEG
  Encode. Verimatrix DCT watermarking does not
  require MPEG encode.
• Robust watermark survives common video
  processing such as recompression (e.g. to
  200kbps), A/D and D/A, cropping
• Invisible DCT-based perceptual model, works in
  HD
• Anti-lift watermarks cant be lifted from one
  image to another
• Anti-filtering watermark cannot be removed by
  analog or digital filtering

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Test Results

• Successful Watermark Distortion Survivability
• Distortions1. Interleave of 2 sources 2 src
  files banded in avisynth (e and b)2. Rotation
  Rotated 1 degree in vdub3. Cropping cropped to
  remove traces of rotate4. Scaling resize to 512
  in vdub5. Compression xvid encoding at 750kbps
• Distortions1. Interleave of 5 files 5 src
  files banded in avisynth2. Low-pass filter
  dctfilter in avisynth (1,1,1,.5,.5,0,0,0)3.
  Scaling resize to 512 in vdub4.  Compression
  xvid encoding at 750kbps
• More data to be made available soon

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Test Results (Cont.)

• Other attacks that the watermark will survive
• Aspect ratio changes
• Cut several top/bottom lines
• Divx conversion with cropping
• Filtering
• Averaging watermarked copies

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DevelopmentSchedules

• Core product commercially viable now
• ARDG Analysis Matrix available
• Development for application to Analog Hole, first
  testable prototype scheduled July 2004. Testing
  with lab environment to begin early August
• Chip development work, and improvements
  (enhancements) currently scheduled to meet goal
  of end of Summer 2004 for complete cycle
• Closed Security Audit scheduled at end of cycle
  by third party auditing agency
• Marks to be licensed for all business models
• No royalties to be requested of CE and IT product
  implementers
• 25 Year Tariff lifetime
• Full mark maintenance plan

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Conclusion

• Proven and available technology
• Invisible and robust mark
• Known use royalties for all models
• Low cost detection - no MPEG encode needed
• HD capable
• Total dedication to maintaining the effectiveness
  of the mark

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Presentation Addendum
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DVD Authoring adding CCI information
Standard MPEG Encode Processing
CCI Watermark Added to Video
MPEG Video Output with Embedded CCI
Input Video

• CCI Watermark information is added to video
  after standard MPEG Encoding Process.
• The CCI Watermark can be added to any video
  before golden master is ready for DVD production,
  or master video is ready for distribution

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False Detection Error Rate

• System False Detection Rate can be predetermined
  using error detection and correction codes (CRCs,
  BCH, Turbocodes)
• Detector can integrate watermark over several
  frames to build strength of watermark
• False detection error rates of 10-5 to 10-9 can
  be achieved