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Cocaine, Amphetamines and Other Chemical Uppers...

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crack. HSS 4933 - Drug Education. Medical Uses. Cocaine. local anesthetic ... General feelings of restlessness, irritability, anxiety and mood swings ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Other Chemical Uppers...


1
Cocaine, Amphetamines and Other Chemical
Uppers...
  • the right drug for the right times?

2
Stimulants of Varying Strengths
other amphetamines
methamphetamine
gt
cocaine
gt
gt
caffeine
3
General Effects of Stimulants
  • Release of excitatory neurotransmitters
  • norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin
  • energy, exhilaration, perceived self-confidence
  • Mimics stress response
  • Mood elevation
  • Tolerance
  • Withdrawal (AKA crashing)
  • Addiction (especially methamphetamine and cocaine)

4
Stimulants and Addiction
Feelings of energy and exhilaration
Feelings of lethargy and withdrawal
Use of stimulants as coping strategy
5
Methods of Administration
  • Oral (beverages tablets, pills, capsules)
  • Topical
  • Inhalation / Snorting
  • Intravenous injection (speed runs)
  • Smoking
  • freebase
  • crack

6
Medical Uses
  • Cocaine
  • local anesthetic
  • Amphetamine / Dextroamphetamine
  • pep pill narcolepsy / appetite suppressant
  • Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
  • ADHD
  • Caffeine
  • pep pill
  • Phenylpropanolamine (PPA)
  • appetite suppressant
  • Ephedrine
  • asthma treatment
  • Pseudoephedrine
  • nasal decongestant

7
Anti-Depressants a behavioral relative
  • MAO Inhibitors
  • interfere with breakdown of excitatory NTs
  • Tricyclics
  • interfere with reuptake of excitatory NTs
  • Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (e.g., Prozac)
  • interfere with reuptake of serotonin

8
Adverse Effects -- Cocaine
  • General feelings of restlessness, irritability,
    anxiety and mood swings
  • Malnutrition severe weight loss
  • Sexual dysfunction
  • Cocaine psychosis
  • paranoia
  • delusions
  • formication
  • Kindling effect
  • Health risks associated with administration
    (snorting, injection, smoking)

9
Adverse Effects -- Amphetamines
  • General feelings of restlessness, irritability,
    anxiety and mood swings
  • Malnutrition severe weight loss
  • Sexual dysfunction
  • Toxic psychosis
  • Withdrawal symptoms
  • severe depression
  • delusions hallucinations
  • fatigue
  • Health risks associated with administration
    (injection, speedballing, smoking)

10
The Xanthine Compounds
11
Caffeine -- the universal eye opener
  • Caffeine dependence
  • psychological dependence on the use of caffeine
    to stimulate the mind body processes (habit)
  • Caffeinism
  • condition of chronic poisoning due to
    overindulgence of caffeine

Bottom line the equivalent of 3 cups or less per
day is not likely to lead to any
adverse reactions to caffeine
12
Other Key Terms --
  • Flash or Rush
  • Look-alikes / Act-alikes
  • biphetamines (black beauties)
  • methcathinone (cat)
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