FAMILIES

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FAMILIES

• systems of social relationships

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Comparing Kinship Systems

• .                   Polygamy is the practice of
  men or women having multiple partners
• 1) Polygyny one man having more than one wife.
• 2) Polyandry a woman having more than one
  husband.
• 3)Monogamy

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Who marries who?

•       Exogamy the practice of selecting mates
  from outside one's group.
•        Endogamy is the practice of selecting
  mates from within one's group.
• homogamy, people select mates with similar
  social characteristics
• Incest taboo

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Property Decent

• Patrilineal Decent reckoned through father
• Matrilineal Decent reckoned through mother
• Bilaterial Both
• Neolocal Residence

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Power in Marriage Relationship

• Patriarchial
• Matriarchial
• Egalitarian societies

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EXTENDED FAMILIES

• a large group of related kin in addition to
  parents and children live together in the same
  household

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NUCLEAR FAMILY

• The is one where a married couple resides
  together with their children

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Functionalist Theory and The Family

• socializing the young,
• regulating sexual activity and procreation,
• providing physical care for family members,
• psychological support emotional security

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Conflict Theory and the Family

• a system of power relations that
• reinforces and reflects the
• inequalities in society at large.

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Feminist Theory and the Family

• focusing sociological analyses on women's
  experiences in the family
• and by making gender a central concept
• in analyzing the family
• as a social institution

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Symbolic Interaction Theory and the Family

• Roles within families evolve as
• participants define
• and re-define their
• behavior toward each other.

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• of all families
• meet the family ideal
• of a nuclear unit
• with a father as head
• and two children present

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families vary

• by race,
• social class,
• and age

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. Families systems of social relationships

• emerge in response to social conditions and that,
  
• in turn,
• shape the future direction of society.

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Family Structure and Poverty
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Female-Headed Households

• One-fifth of all children live with one parent,
• half of all children can expect to do so at some
  point in their lives

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Female-Headed Households

• TWO MAIN CAUSES
• Unmarried teen pregnancy
• High Divorce Rate

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Married Couple Families

• increased participation of women in the paid
  labor force
• average employed person works a month more per
  year than they did in 1970

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Stepfamilies

• 40 percent of marriages involve stepchildren

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Gay and Lesbian Households

• less gender-stereotyped in their household roles
  than heterosexual couples

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Singles

• many people find the same sexual and emotional
  gratification in single life as they would in
  marriage

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MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE

• United States has the highest rate of marriage of
  any Western industrialized nation

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Marriage

• the amount of money a person earns
• establishes that person's power in the marriage

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Marriage

• Women do far more work in the home and have less
  leisure time

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Divorce

• United States leads the world
• in the number of people who marry
• in the number of people who divorce

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Divorce

• Highest among couples who marry young
• second marriages
• low-income couples
• Women are less likely than men to remarry

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Divorce Can Be a Positive

• May Be the Only Solution to a Bad Situation
• Most children adjust reasonably well after a year
  or so

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Divorce Video Exercise

• Of the different types of support described,
  which would be of most use to children and
  parents?
• Would some types of support be of more use to
  children of different ages? For parents than for
  children? Why?
• How might social institutions other then the
  family, such as school, the legal system or work
  world, help families deal with divorce?

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Family Violence

• Partner Violence
• majority of cases go unreported
• one in three women - physically assaulted
• 10 of married women - raped by husbands

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Sociological Perspectives Re Family Violence

• The family violence approach
• violence occurs in families because society
  condones violence

• feminist approach
• places inequality between men and women at the
  center of analyses in the family

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Family Violence

• Child abuse is behavior that puts children at
  risk
• 3,000,000 cases per year

• Women are the perpetrators of child abuse as
  frequently as men

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Family Violence

• Incest
• fathers and uncles
• most likely in families where mothers are,
  debilitated

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Family Violence

• Elder Abuse
• neglect most common form of abuse (49)
• emotional abuse (35),
• financial exploitation (30),
• physical abuse (30).

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CHANGING FAMILIES

• families are geographically separated from their
  families of origin

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The Graying of America

• generational equity debates whether one age group
  or generation is unfairly taxed

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Families and Social Policy

• U.S.A. -
• the lowest among industrialized nations
• in providing federally supported maternity and
  child care policies

• Many people blame the family for social problems
  in the United States

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