The significance of contextual factors, experiences from the planning of four retention areas on the

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The significance of contextual factors
experiences from the planning of fourretention
areas on the German Rhine

• Regina Rhodius
• Institute of Forest and Environmental Policy
  Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg Germany.

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Encouraging contextual factors
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An encouraging process design includes ...

• Giving stakeholders an active role
• Cooperative methods
• (Transparent procedural rules)
• Early and continous information and involvement
  of the general public
• Openness to new stakeholders
• Merging of formal an informal procedures
• Direct and continous contact to affected
  stakeholders

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Participations contribution to

• Efficiency
• Efforts in the beginning led to a faster
  implementation
• Quality of the planning (/-)
• Legitimacy
• Integration of different values and interests
• Acceptance (/-)
• Social learning
• Trust building (/-)
• Opposition can contribute to a better informed
  public and an understandable and effective
  planning
• Limited in the case of an area with high conflict
  potential!
• Limited when key-actors identify with protest!

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Consequences for Joined-Up Planning

• Intensive context analysis as the first step
  while designing a participation process
• To focus on the most important aspects of
  procedural success factors
• To see a specific planning process as a part of a
  long-term change in the planning culture (not to
  overestimate participation )

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Freude am Fluss final conference- Nijmegen
Participatory Irrigation Management in Morocco -
A Reality Check
Nawal El Haouari
OCTOBER 23rd 2008
Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Morocco.
This paper was prepared as part of ongoing PhD
research with the Irrigation and Water
Engineering Department of Wageningen University.
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4- PIM POLICY EFFECTS THEORY VS REALITY

• What policy theory tells us
• PIM will deliver
• Equity in water allocation and distribution
• Reduced OM cost to government
• Gender involvement
• Participation democracy transparancy

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PIM IMPLEMENTATION IN TADLA

• Several PIM action plans
• Effort in WUAs establishments (32 AUEA) but no
  real participation (just paper bodies)
• No action plan implementation
• General indifference of farmers but interest
  among smaller farmers
• Passive attitude and resistance of water
  managers
• No involvement of WUA in water management by
  ORMVA

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4- PIM POLICY EFFECTS THEORY VS REALITY

• On the Ground
• Water is scarce go for individual strategies
  (groundwater) no reason to participate
• Water users think ORMVA is more competent to
  manage than themselves
• Democracy manipulated elections
• No women representation in WUAs of any
  significance
• WUAs exist on paper only and no impact on OM
  cost sharing

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Joint Planning Approach experimentation on the
Val de Bréhémont

• Philippe Blancher and
• Nicolas Doussin

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• Goals
• Foster a local development adapted to the
  floodable situation
• Promote a risk management approach which doesnt
  try to prevent at any cost water expansion
  considering that the river in flood needs space
• Rely on local people will and projectsallowing
  a proper expression of the different visionsand
  taking them in account in the decision process.

and result Strategy for a sustainable
development and flood managementin the
municipalities of the Loire and Vieux-Cher valley
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• What will make the difference
• Policies rules and regulations in favour of
  public participation are an asset to give an
  impetus create liabilities and provide adequate
  institutions
• But people involvement with their differences
  motivations willingness to play the game
  views etc. are the major condition
• Adequate method should favour this involvement
  openness and efficiency
• Problem of turnover and how to share the common
  experience with people who didnt participate

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• A dialectic relation more than an
  oppositionbetween openness and control

() Means (human and financial) time schedule
goals achievements
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Margo van de BrinkSpatial Planning
DepartmentRadboud University Nijmegen

• Institutional Adaptation to Climate Change in
  Space for the River

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Are institutions prepared for climate change

• Climate change is uncertain and unpredictable and
  calls for institutions that promote the adaptive
  capacity of society
• Institutions (formal and informal rules norms
  and beliefs) traditionally conservative and
  reactive will have to be designed in such a way
  that they promote social actors to respond
  actively to climate challenges
• Central question
• How to assess the inherent characteristics of
  institutions to stimulate the adaptive capacity
  of society to deal with climate change from the
  local through to the national level

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Adaptive institutions three central qualities

• Variety
• Only variety can beat variety (Buckley 1968)
• An institutional setting is required that
  consists of a variety of problem frames
  definitions and solutions
• Learning capacity
• An institutional setting is required that
  stimulates and supports social learning
  processes on the individual and on the
  organisational level
• The ability to adjust to change
• An institutional setting is required which allows
  actors to improvise during crisis at all levels
  of society and to act as accommodating to and
  experimenting with the everyday contingencies
  breakdowns exceptions opportunities and
  unintended consequences

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Adaptive institutions three external variables

• Leadership
• Crucial are people in the public domain that
  promote change actively and who face challenges
  by seeing opportunities arranging connections
  and by reinterpreting their own routines
• Resources
• Crucial is also the availability of resources
  such as finances technical knowledge and
  expertise human capital and authority
• Fair governance
• Justice equity the rule of law and general
  social stability are also important preconditions
  for the trust and mutual respect that are
  necessary for the three central qualities of
  adaptive institutions

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Score card
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Waalweelde a blueprint for success Lessons
learned from Waalweelde

• Karina Vink
• Radboud University Nijmegen

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What is Waalweelde
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Results

• Cooperation can lead to better plans
• Already existing plans executed faster
• Different plans are combined and complement each
  other
• Former no-go areas are now part of new spatial
  plans
• Obstacles
• Civilians tend to think close to home but
  shouldnt be brought into the process too late
  it requires a lot of energy to get them involved
• Politicians often only envision events until the
  next elections
• Previous conflicts often thwart cooperation
  between municipalities and cost more time

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Recipe for success

• Prerequisites
• Trust between different stakeholders (independent
  facilitators and independent knowledge)
• Both bottom-up and top-down process
• Time for getting acquainted and recognizing
  possible benefits
• Shared vision on prerequisites such as the amount
  of river discharge
• Local heroes