Beyond Third Generation Cellular Networks: The Integration of Internet and Telephony Technology Prof

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Beyond Third Generation Cellular NetworksThe
Integration of Internet and Telephony Technology
Prof. Randy H. KatzUC Berkeley
Bridge to the Future
S. S. 7

• ATT Cambridge Laboratory
• 10 September 1999
• http//iceberg.cs.berkeley.edu

Cellular Core Network
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Outline

• Motivation
• Its all about Services
• The ICEBERG Project
• Summary and Conclusions
• New Project Endeavour Expedition

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Outline

• Motivation
• Its all about Services
• The ICEBERG Project
• Summary and Conclusions
• New Project Endeavour Expedition

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Mobile Telephone Internet Users
Millions
Mobile Telephone Users
Internet Users
Year
Source Ericsson Radio Systems, Inc.
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Shift Toward Digital Mobile Access Network
Millions ofSubscribers
Provides a ubiquitous infrastructure for
wireless data as well as voice
Digital
Analog
Year
Source Ericsson Radio Systems, Inc.
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Data Dominates
United States Network Traffic Growth (gigabits,
bn)
Source Nortel in The Economist, 13 Mar 99
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Internet Telephony
Analog Voice to Packet Data
Packet Data to Analog Voice
Internet
Local Call
Local Call
Gateway
Gateway

• High Latencies/Dropped Packets being solved
• Short term circuit-switched local infrastructure
  plus packet-switched wide-area infrastructure
• Longer term migration towards always on
  digital broadband data connections

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Core Network BecomesData-Oriented
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Core Network BecomesData-Oriented
VoIP Gateway
VoIP Gateway
Packet-Oriented
IP-Based WAN
Router
Router
Access Network
Access Network
Core Network

• Routing infrastructure with support for
  differentiated services
• Open question service-level agreements that span
  multiple ISPs

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Smart Appliances/Thin Clients
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• Top Gun MediaBoard
• Participates as a reliable multicast client via
  proxy in wireline network

• Top Gun Wingman
• Thin presentation layer in PDA with full
  rendering engine in wireline proxy

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Important Trends Revisted

• Multimedia / Voice over IP networks
• Lower cost, more flexible packet-switching core
  network
• Simultaneous support for delay sensitive and
  delay insensitive flows via differentiated
  services
• Intelligence shifts to the network edges
• Third-party functionality downloaded into
  Information Appliances like PalmPilots
• Programmable intelligence inside the network
• Proxy servers intermixed with switching
  infrastructure
• Mobile/extensible code, e.g., JAVA write once,
  run anywhere
• Rapid new service development
• Speech-based services

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Outline

• Motivation
• Its all about Services
• The ICEBERG Project
• Summary and Conclusions
• New Project Endeavour Expedition

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The Future Internet-basedOpen Services
Architecture

• Today, the telecommunications sector is
  beginning to reshape itself, from a vertically to
  a horizontally structured industry. It used
  to be that new capabilities were driven primarily
  by the carriers. Now, they are beginning to be
  driven by the users. Theres a universe of
  people out there who have a much better idea than
  we do of what key applications are, so why not
  give those folks the opportunity to realize them.
  The smarts have to be buried in the
  middleware of the network, but that is going to
  change as more-capable user equipment is
  distributed throughout the network. When it does,
  the economics of this industry may also change.
• George Heilmeier, Chairman Emeritus, Bellcore

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Transparent Information Access
Speech-to-Text Speech-to-Voice Attached-Email Call
-to-Pager/Email Notification Email-to-Speech All
compositions of the above!
Policy-based Location-based Activity-based
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Composable Services

• E.g., voice control of A/V devices in a Smart
  Room
• Multistage processing transformation
• Strongly typed connectors
• Service discovery service
• Automated path generation

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Outline

• Motivation
• Its all about Services
• The ICEBERG Project
• Summary and Conclusions
• New Project Endeavour Expedition

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ICEBERG Internet-based CorE BEyond the thRid
Generation

• The Challenge
• Developing service intensive, network-based,
  real-time applications
• Securely embedding computational resources in the
  switching fabric
• Providing an open, extensible network
  environment heterogeneity
• Computing
• Encapsulating legacy servers partitioning
  thin client functionality
• Scalability 100,000s of simultaneous users in
  the SF Bay Area
• High BW IP backbones diverse access networks
• Different coverage, bandwidth, latency, and cost
  characteristics
• Third generation cellular systems UMTS/IMT2000
• Next gen WLANs (Bluetooth) broadband access
  nets (DSL/cable)
• Diverse appliances beyond the handset or PC
• Communicator devices plus servers in the
  infrastructure

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Project Goals

• Demonstrate ease of new service deployment
• Packet voice for computer-telephony integration
• Speech- and location-enabled applications
• Complete interoperation of speech, text,
  fax/image across the four Ps PDAs, pads,
  pagers, phones)
• Mobility and generalized routing redirection
• Demonstrate new system architecture to support
  innovative applications
• Personal Information Management
• Universal In-box e-mail, news, fax, voice mail
• Notification redirection e.g., e-mail, pager
• Home networking and control of smart spaces,
  sensor/actuator integration
• Build on experience with A/V equipped rooms in
  Soda Hall

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Experimental Testbed
IBM WorkPad
Velo
Nino
MC-16
Motorola Pagewriter 2000
CF788
Pager
WLAN / Bluetooth
306 Soda
405 Soda
H.323 GW
326 Soda Colab
GSM BTS
TCI _at_Home
Millennium Cluster
Smart Spaces Personal Information Management
Millennium Cluster
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Internet-Scale Systems Research Group
Personal Information Management and Smart Spaces
Distributed Videoconferencing
Room-scale Collaboration
Speech and Location Aware Applications
ICEBERG Computer-Telephony Services
MASH Media Processing Services
TranSend Extensible Proxy Services
Active Services Architecture
Distributed Computing Services NINJA
Computing and Communications Platform
Millennium/NOW
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NINJA Distributed Computing Platform
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ICEBERG Principles ...

• Potentially Any Network Services (PANS)
• Any service can from any network by any device
  network/device independence in system design
• Personal Mobility
• Person as communication endpoint with single
  identity
• Service Mobility
• Retain services across networks
• Easy Service Creation and Customization
• Allow callee control filtering
• Scalability, Availability, Fault Tolerance
• Security, Authentication, Privacy

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ICEBERG Architectural Elements

• ICEBERG Access Point (IAP)
• Encapsulates network specific gateway (control
  and data)
• ICEBERG Point of Presence (iPOP)
• Performs detailed signaling
• Call Agent per communication device per call
  party
• Call Agent Dispatcher deploy call agent
• Name Mapping Service
• Mapping between iUID (Iceberg Unique ID) and
  service end point
• Preference Registry
• Contains user profileservice subscription,
  configuration. customization
• Person Activity Tracker (PAT)
• Tracks dynamic information about user of interest
• Automatic Path Creation Service
• Creates datapath among participants
  communications devices

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Transformation and Redirection
Pager
IP Core
GW
Cellular Network
WLAN
GW
GW
H.323 GW
PSTN
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ICEBERG Signaling System

• Signaling System
• Distributed system w/agents communicating via
  signaling protocol for call setup, routing,
  control
• ICEBERG Basic Call Service
• Communication of two or more call participants
  using any number of communication devices via any
  kind of media
• If call participant uses more than one devices,
  must be used synchronously
• Basic Approach
• Loosely coupled, soft state-based signaling
  protocol w/group communication
• Call Session a collection of call agents that
  communicate with each other

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Signaling Call Session Establishment
Bob
Alice
Carol
Name Mapping Service
Preference Registry
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Signaling Call Control

• Call Control
• Refers to control protocol in an established call
  session
• Involves altering propagating call states in
  the call session, and modifying the datapath
  correspondingly
• Call States
• Call party identities, communication devices in
  use their call status, and datapath information
  on data streams involved
• Challenge
• Reliable propagation of call state changes to
  call agents, given highly dynamic call session
  environment
• Adapt as session membership changes
• New member must be able obtain current session
  state

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ICEBERG Approach for Call Control

• Call Session
• Abstraction of shared communication channel
• Level of indirection to hide identity and
  location of call session members (I.e., call
  agents)
• Adapt to membership change
• Call State
• Soft state-based
• Maintained by each call agent in a session

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Light-Weight Call Session
Call Session
Call Agent
Call Agent
Call State Table
Auto Path Creation
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Datapath Simplification

• Separate data from control
• Isolate datapath creation from signaling
• Encapsulates media negotiation
• Powerful enabler for any-to-any communication in
  ICEBERG due to its flexible composability
• Current use immature and ad-hoc
• Operator with reference count
• Operator description what and where to run or
  cleanup
• Who gets to create path

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Signaling Fault Detection and Recovery

• Ninja Distributed Service Environment
• Run all Iceberg components on Ninja Base
• Advantageous separation of iPOP and IAP
• IAP network specific gateways likely maintain
  hard stateGateways are responsible for
  maintenance
• iPOP light-weight call session is the key
• Detection
• IAP and iPOP send heartbeats to each other
• Loss of heartbeat implies loss of life

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Conference Call First Class Service

• Redefining conference call
• Call between at least two call parties with at
  least three communication devices
• Conference call operations are building blocks
  for services
• Add a communication endpoint
• Remove a communication endpoint
• Simplify implementation of services that require
  communication endpoint changes
• Change an endpoint remove add

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Example Service Handoff

• Service handoff occurs when users switch
  communication devices in midst of call session
• Enables service mobility
• Service handoff is
• Generalized call transfer
• Special case of conference call
• User uses one device to invite another device
• Then hangs up the first device

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Service Handoff ScenarioCell Phone to Laptop
Caller IAP
Callee IAP
Multicast Session
Caller IAP2
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Service Handoff Scenario
Caller IAP
Callee IAP
Multicast Session
Caller IAP2

• Simple reliability scheme
• IAP fault tolerant
• Simultaneous service handoff
• Multiparty calls trivial
• Security through encryption

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Comparison with SIP, H.323

• SIP Differences
• Group vs. pairwise communication for signaling
• Light-weight session vs. tightly coupled session
• Our Advantages
• Adaptive to dynamic call session (i.e., call
  session membership change, protocol agent fault
  recovery)
• Simplicity in service implementation

• H.323 Problems
• Complexity no clean separation of component
  protocols many options for doing a single task
• Extensibility requires full backward
  compatibility each codec is centrally registered
  and standardized not modular
• Scalability stateful (depends on TCP) central
  control for conference call
• Services cannot express preferences

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Implementation and Current Status

• Prototype system built on Ninja iSpace using Java
  (5000 line code)
• Thread programming model rather than event-driven
  -- implicit state machine
• Conference call service operational
• Service handoff now being implemented (between
  PSTN, GSM, WaveLAN)
• LDAP for the Name Mapping Service
• Preference Registry forms-based specification
  yielding Perl scripts

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Outline

• Motivation
• Its all about Services
• The ICEBERG Project
• Summary and Conclusions
• New Project Endeavour Expedition

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Summary
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Conclusions

• Emerging Network-centric Distributed Architecture
  spanning processing and access
• Open, composable services architecture--the
  wide-area operating system of the 21st Century
• Beyond the desktop PC information appliances
  supported by infrastructure services--multicast
  real-time media plus proxies for any-to-any
  format translation and delivery to diverse
  devices
• Common network core optimized for data, based on
  IP, enabling packetized voice, supporting user,
  terminal, and service mobility

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Outline

• Motivation
• Its all about Services
• The ICEBERG Project
• Summary and Conclusions
• New Project Endeavour Expedition

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Why Endeavour?

• DARPA BAA 99-07 Information Technology
  Expeditions
• To strive or reach a serious determined effort
  (Websters 7th New Collegiate Dictionary)
  British spelling
• Captain Cooks ship from his first voyage of
  exploration of the great unknown of his day the
  southern Pacific Ocean (1768-1771).
• These voyages brought brought more land and
  wealth to the British Empire than any military
  campaign
• Cooks lasting contribution comprehensive
  knowledge of the people, customs, and ideas that
  lay across the sea
• He left nothing to his successors other than to
  marvel at the completeness of his work

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Expedition Goals

• Enhancing human understanding through information
  technology
• Dramatically more convenient for people to
  interact with information, devices, and other
  people
• Supported by a planetary-scale Information
  Utility
• Stress tested by challenging applications in
  decision making and learning
• New methodologies for design, construction, and
  administration of systems of unprecedented scale
  and complexity
• Figure of merit how effectively we amplify and
  leverage human intellect
• A pervasive Information Utility, based on fluid
  systems technology to enable new approaches for
  problem solving learning

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Expedition Assumptions

• Human time and attention, not processing or
  storage, are the limiting factors
• Givens
• Vast diversity of computing devices (PDAs,
  cameras, displays, sensors, actuators, mobile
  robots, vehicles) No such thing as an average
  device
• Unlimited storage everything that can be
  captured, digitized, and stored, will be
• Every computing device is connected in proportion
  to its capacity
• Devices are predominately compatible rather than
  incompatible (plug-and-play enabled by on-the-fly
  translation/adaptation)

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Expedition Challenges

• Personal Information Mgmt is the Killer App
• Not corporate processing but management,
  analysis, aggregation, dissemination, filtering
  for the individual
• People Create Knowledge, not Data
• Not management/retrieval of explicitly entered
  information, but automated extraction and
  organization of daily activities
• Information Technology as a Utility
• Continuous service delivery, on a
  planetary-scale, on top of a highly dynamic
  information base
• Beyond the Desktop
• Community computing infer relationships among
  information, delegate control, establish
  authority

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Interdisciplinary, Technology-Centered Expedition
Team

• Alex Aiken, PL
• Eric Brewer, OS
• John Canny, AI
• David Culler, OS/Arch
• Joseph Hellerstein, DB
• Michael Jordan, Learning
• Anthony Joseph, OS
• Randy Katz, Nets
• John Kubiatowicz, Arch
• James Landay, UI

• Jitendra Malik, Vision
• George Necula, PL
• Christos Papadimitriou, Theory
• David Patterson, Arch
• Kris Pister, Mems
• Larry Rowe, MM
• Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, CAD
• Doug Tygar, Security
• Robert Wilensky, DL/AI

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Expedition Approach

• Information Devices
• Beyond desktop computers to MEMS-sensors/actuators
  with capture/display to yield enhanced activity
  spaces
• InformationUtility
• InformationApplications
• High Speed/Collaborative Decision Making and
  Learning
• Augmented Smart Spaces Rooms and Vehicles
• Design Methodology
• User-centric Design withHW/SW Co-design
• Formal methods for safe and trustworthy
  decomposable and reusable components

• Fluid, Network-Centric System Software
• Partitioning and management of state between soft
  and persistent state
• Data processing placement and movement
• Component discovery and negotiation
• Flexible capture, self-organization, and re-use
  of information

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High Speed Decision Making
Learning Classroom
E-Book
Vehicles
Applications
Collaboration Spaces
Info Appliances
Human Activity Capture
Generalized UI Support
Event Modeling
Transcoding, Filtering, Aggregating
Statistical Processing/Inference
Proxy Agents
Negotiated APIs
Self-Organizing Data
Information Utility
Interface Contracts
Wide-area Search Index
Nomadic Data Processing
Wide-Area Data Processing
Automated Duplication
Distributed Cache Management
Movement Positioning
Stream- and Path-Oriented Processing Data Mgmt
Non-Blocking RMI
Soft-/Hard-State Partitioning
Laptop
PDA
Wallmount Display
Camera
Information Devices
Smartboard
MEMS Sensor/Actuator/Locator
Handset
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Organization The Expedition Cube
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Putting It All Together

• 1. Diverse Devices
• 2. Data Utility
• 3. Capture/Reuse
• 4. Negotiation
• 5. Tacit Knowledge
• 6. Classroom
• 7. Design Methods
• 8. Scale-up

Devices Utility Applications
Component Discovery Negotiation
Fluid Software
Info Extract/Re-use
Self-Organization
Group Decision Making Learning