PHYSICAL EDUCATION, EXERCISE SCIENCE, AND SPORTS

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PHYSICAL EDUCATION, EXERCISE SCIENCE, AND SPORTS

• Dynamic Fields

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WHAT IS DYNAMIC ABOUT

• Physical education?
• Exercise science?
• Sports?

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PHYSICAL EDUCATION

• A process through which an individual obtains
  optimal physical, mental, and social skills and
  fitness through physical activity

Kinesiology is the study of human movement
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EXERCISE SCIENCE

• The scientific analysis of the human body in
  motion

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SPORTS

• Physical activities governed by formal or
  informal rules that involve competition against
  an opponent or oneself and are engaged in for
  fun, recreation, or reward

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• Physical Activity repetitive movements by the
  skeletal muscles that require energy and produce
  health benefits.
• Physical Fitness is the bodys capacity to adapt
  and respond favorably to physical effort.

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• Health, often defined as the absence of illness
  or disease, is a positive state of physiological
  function that includes physical fitness and the
  five dimensions of wellness.
• Wellness includes the emotional, mental,
  physical, social, and spiritual factors that lead
  to an overall state of well-being, quality of
  life, and ability to contribute to society.

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• Exercise involves physical movement that
  increases the rate of energy use of the body.
• Play refers to amusements engaged in freely, for
  fun, and devoid of constraints.

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• Leisure is the freedom from work or
  responsibilities so that time may or may not be
  used for physical activity.
• Recreation refreshes or renews ones strength and
  spirit after work a diversion that occurs during
  leisure hours.

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• Athletics are organized, highly structured
  competitive activities in which skilled
  individuals participate.
• Games, usually implying winners and losers, can
  range from simple diversions to cooperative
  activities to competitions with significant
  outcomes governed by rules.

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• Health-related fitness is the level of positive
  well- being associated with heart, muscle, and
  joint functions that improve healthfulness of
  life.

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• Skill-related fitness refers to achieving levels
  of ability to perform physical movements that are
  efficient and effective.

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NASPEs Definition of a Physical Educated Person
Is One Who

• Has learned skills necessary to perform a variety
  of physical activities
• Is physically fit
• Does participate regularly in physical activity
• Knows the implications of and the benefits from
  involvement in physical activities
• Values physical activity and its contributions to
  a healthful lifestyle in order to pursue a
  lifetime of healthy physical activity

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NATIONAL CONTENT STANDARDS

• Demonstrates motor skills and movement patterns
  to perform a variety of physical activities
• Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts,
  principles, strategies, and tactics as they apply
  to the learning and performance of physical
  activities
• Participates regularly in physical activity
• Achieves and maintains a health enhancing level
  of physical fitness
• Exhibits responsible personal and social behavior
  in physical activity settings
• Chooses physical activity for health, enjoyment,
  challenge, self-expression and/or social
  interaction

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COMPONENTS OF HEALTH-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS

• Cardiorespiratory enduranceThe ability of the
  lungs, heart, and blood vessels to deliver
  adequate amounts of oxygen to the cells to meet
  the demands of prolonged physical activity
• Muscular strengthThe ability to exert maximum
  force against resistance
• Muscular enduranceThe ability of a muscle to
  exert sub-maximal force repeatedly over a period
  of time
• FlexibilityThe ability of a joint to move freely
  through its full range of motion
• Body compositionPercent body fat or lean body
  mass

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COMPONENTS OF SKILL-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS

• Agilityability to change directions rapidly and
  accurately
• Balanceability to maintain equilibrium while
  stationary or moving
• Coordinationability to perform motor tasks
  smoothly and accurately
• Powerability to exert force rapidly through a
  combination of strength and speed
• Reaction timeability to respond or react quickly
  to a stimulus
• Speedability to quickly perform a movement

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FITT PRINCIPLES

• Frequencyhow often a person should train
• Intensityhow hard a person should exercise
• Timehow long or the duration a person should
  exercise
• Typekind or mode of exercise performed

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PRINCIPLES OF TRAINING (PROVIRRRBS)

• Progressionincreasing gradually the stress on
  the muscles so the body can adapt
• Regularitynumber of times exercising per week
• Overloadplacing increasing amounts of stress on
  the body to cause adaptations that improve
  fitness
• Varietychanging equipment, exercises, and
  activities to avoid boredom, reduce risk of
  overuse injuries, and increase motivation or
  adherence
• Individualismknowing capabilities and
  limitations so can maintain strength and work on
  weaknesses
• Realismsetting achievable training plans and
  goals to help maintain program
• Recoveryensuring optimal amount of rest and
  sleep to allow for rebuilding tissue and
  replenishing stored energy
• Reversibilityfitness improvements are lost when
  demands on the body are lowered
• Balancefocusing on all of the health-related
  components of physical fitness, push and pull
  movements of each joint and between the upper-
  and lower-body
• Specificitytraining exact areas of muscles,
  energy systems, and ranges of motion to improve
  fitness

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BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

• Help maintain weight
• Increase muscular strength and endurance
• Improve cardiorespiratory (aerobic) fitness
• Build bone mass
• Control blood pressure
• Reduce anxiety and stress

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PURPOSE

• To optimize quality of life through a long-term
  commitment to enjoyable physical activity and
  sport experiences that will meet varied needs in
  a changing world

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EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES MET THROUGH PHYSICAL
EDUCATION

• Physicalsuch as improvements in health, fitness,
  heart functioning, strength, fundamental movement
  skills, and sport skills
• Mentalsuch as enhancements in academic
  performance, learning ability, and motivation
• Psychological and socialsuch as increases in
  self-confidence, stress management, and positive
  interactions with people

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COGNITIVE OBJECTIVES

• Focus on the acquisition, comprehension,
  analysis, synthesis, application, and evaluation
  of knowledge, such as learning about and using
  knowledge about body functioning, health, growth
  and development, motor learning, game rules,
  skills, strategies, and safety

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AFFECTIVE OBJECTIVES

• Emphasize the development of attitudes,
  appreciations, and values (includes social and
  emotional dimensions), such as self-confidence,
  affiliation, value judgments, character
  development, communication skills, courtesy, fair
  play, self-control, self-discipline, fun, tension
  release, self-expression, and learning how to win
  and lose

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PSYCHOMOTOR OBJECTIVES

• Emphasize the learning of fundamental movements,
  motor skills, and sports skills, including,
  manipulative skills, perceptual-motor skills,
  fundamental game skills, cardiovascular
  endurance, muscular strength and endurance,
  flexibility, body composition, agility, balance,
  neuromuscular coordination, power, and speed

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Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and
Health (1996)

• People of all ages, both male and female, benefit
  from regular physical activity.
• Significant health benefits can be obtained by
  including a moderate amount (minimum of 30
  minutes) of physical activity on most, if not
  all, days of the week. Through a modest increase
  in daily activity, most Americans can improve
  their health and quality of life.

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Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and
Health (1996)

• Strength-developing exercises should be completed
  at least twice per week for adults in order to
  improve musculoskeletal health, maintain
  independence in performing the activities of
  daily life, and reduce the risk of falling.
• Many of the beneficial affects of exercise
  trainingfrom both endurance and resistance
  activitiesdiminish within 2 weeks if physical
  activity is substantially reduced, and effects
  disappear within 2 to 8 months if physical
  activity is not resumed.

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Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and
Health (1996)

• Regular physical activity is necessary for
  maintaining normal muscle strength, joint
  structure, and joint function.
• Low levels of activity, resulting in fewer
  kilocalories used than consumed, contribute to
  the high prevalence of obesity in the United
  States.
• Physical activity appears to relieve symptoms of
  depression and anxiety and improve mood.

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NATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY GOALS
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Healthy People 2010

• Goal 1 Increase Quality and Years of Healthy
  Life
• Healthy People 2010 seeks to help individuals of
  all ages increase life expectancy and improve
  their quality of life.
• Goal 2 Eliminate Health Disparities
• Healthy People 2010 seeks to eliminate health
  disparities among different segments of the
  population. These include differences that occur
  by gender, race or ethnicity, education or
  income, disability, living in rural localities,
  or sexual orientation.

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OBJECTIVE 22PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND FITNESS

• Reduce the proportion of adults who engage in no
  leisure-time physical activity.
• Increase the proportion of adults who engage
  regularly, preferably daily, in moderate physical
  activity for at least 30 minutes per day.

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OBJECTIVE 22PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND FITNESS

• Increase the proportion of adults who engage in
  vigorous physical activity that promotes the
  development and maintenance of cardiorespiratory
  fitness 3 or more days per week for 20 or more
  minutes per occasion.
• Increase the proportion of adults who perform
  physical activities that enhance and maintain
  muscular strength and endurance.

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OBJECTIVE 22PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND FITNESS

• Increase the proportion of adults who perform
  physical activities that enhance and maintain
  flexibility.
• Increase the proportion of adolescents who engage
  in moderate physical activity for at least 30
  minutes on 5 or more of the previous 7 days.

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OBJECTIVE 22PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND FITNESS

• Increase the proportion of adolescents who engage
  in vigorous physical activity that promotes
  cardiorespiratory fitness 3 or more days per week
  for 20 or more minutes per occasion.
• Increase the proportion of the nations public
  and private schools that require daily physical
  education for all students.

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OBJECTIVE 22PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND FITNESS

• Increase the proportion of adolescents who
  participate in daily school physical education.
• Increase the proportion of adolescents who spend
  at least 50 percent of school physical education
  class time being physically active.