Signs

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Group Presentation on SchizophreniaBy Karina,
Tina, Annita and Dan
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Topics to be covered
Topics to be Covered
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Description / Definition of Schizophrenia by
Karina
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Description / Definition of Schizophrenia by
Karina
Description / Definition
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Schizophrenia Categories

• Schizophrenia can be categorized by the
  following
• Paranoid Schizophrenia
• Abnormal reality interpretation.
• Delusions
• Auditory Visual Hallucinations.
• Disorganized Schizophrenia
• Illogical Incoherent thoughts behavior.
• Catatonic
• Extreme behaviors at two ends of the spectrum
• Inability to speak, move, or respond OR
• Over-excitement, hyperactivity, involuntary
  sounds or movements

Description / Definition
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Signs Symptoms of Schizophrenia by Tina
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Signs Symptoms of Schizophreniaby Tina

• Schizophrenia is a variable illness
• In some people, Schizophrenia appears suddenly
  and without warning.
• For most it comes on slowly with subtle warning
  signs.
• A gradual decline in functioning is often present
  long before the first episode.
• Many friends and family members report knowing
  early on that something was not right with their
  loved ones.

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General Less Obvious Signs and symptoms

• Social Withdrawal
• Decline in Motivation
• Lack Of Drive
• Diminished Emotional Response
• Incoherent Speech / Broken Speech
• Abnormal Personal Hygiene

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Signs Of SchizophreniaPositive Negative Signs

• Positive Signs Symptoms
• Are unusual thoughts and perceptions that often
  involve a loss of contact with reality.
• These are symptoms people wouldnt normally
  experience.
• Negative Signs Symptoms
• Represent a loss or decrease in emotions or
  behavioral abilities or a blunted effect.

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Common Early Signs of Schizophrenia(Negative
Signs)

• Depression
• Social Withdrawal
• Hostility Suspicion / Paranoia
• Flat Expressions
• Odd Statements
• Inappropriate Response to Situations
• Forgetfulness / Inability to Pay Attention
• Over Sleeping / Lethargy
• These signs are a definite cause for concern

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Symptoms Of Schizophrenia(Positive Signs)

• Physical
• Movement disorders - such as repeating movements,
  clumsiness or involuntary movements.
• Cognitive signs and symptoms
• Problems making sense of information
• Difficulty paying attention
• Memory problems
• Continued

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Symptoms Of Schizophrenia(Positive Signs)

• Delusions
• Beliefs not based on reality.
• They may believe they are victims of conspiracy.
• They may think they can read minds or have
  special powers.
• Hallucinations
• Seeing and Hearing things that dont exist.
• Thought Speech Disorders
• Disorganized speech.
• Fragmented thinking.
• Switching from one subject to another with no
  link or reference to previous subject or thought.

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Coping With Schizophrenia

• The following video gives some insight into one
  person coping in her life with Schizophrenia.

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Skip Video
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Treatment of Schizophrenia by Annita
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Treatment of Schizophrenia
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Psychosocial treatment
Psychosocial Treatment

• Helps with communication, motivation, self-care,
  work, establishing and maintaining relationship
  with others.
• Aids in patients sticking to their medication
  schedule.
• Have the benefit of the patient having fewer
  relapses and hospitalization.

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Illness management skills
Illness Management Skills

• Must know basics about the disease.
• Must know principals of Schizophrenia treatment.
• Can make decisions about their care once they are
  aware of the disease and treatment.
• Taught how to distinguish warning signs of
  relapse.

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Integrated treatment for Co-occurring substance
abuse.
Integrated treatment for Co-occurring substance
abuse.

• Depend more on the prescribed drugs.
• Most common occurring but not recognized. Do you
  mean drug abuse is the most commonly occurring
  symptom?
• They produce a better outcome. Meaning correct
  use of prescribed meds produces the least
  relapses?

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Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation

• Rehabilitation for Patients can include
• Social and vocational training.
• Programs including vocational counseling, job
  training, money management, counseling.
• Assistance inusing public transport.
• Practicing social and workplace communication
  skills.

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Family education
Family Education

• Patients with Schizophrenia usually get
  discharged into the care of their family.
• Families must know the importance of the disease
  and know as much about the disease as possible.
• Families should be taught know different kinds of
  treatment and coping strategies.

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Cognitive behavioral therapy
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Can
• Be more effective for patients where symptoms
  still persist even after medication.
• Teaches how to test their reality.
• Be more effective as they reduce severity of
  symptoms.
• Decrease the risk of relapses.

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Self- help groups
Self-Help Groups

• These Groups
• Do not involve professional therapists.
• Are a source of mutual support.
• Include people that are aware others are facing
  same problems.
• Generate social actions.
• Do not draw public attention and does not let the
  public discriminate against them.

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Antipsychotic medication
Antipsychotic Medication

• Antipsychotic Medication
• Reduces the likelihood of relapses.
• Normalizes chemical balances that cause
  Schizophrenia.
• Two major types of antipsychotic medication
• Traditional medication
• New Antipsychotic medications.

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Traditional Medication

• Traditional Medication May
• Effectively control hallucinations and delusions.
• Control the confusion of Schizophrenia.
• Treat positive symptoms of Schizophrenia.

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New antipsychotic medication
New Antipsychotic Medication

• New Antipsychotic Medication May
• Treat a broader range of symptoms.
• Treats both positive and negative symptoms.

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• Side Effects of Medication

• Side effects for both types of medication may
  include any or all of the following
• Mild Effects - dry mouth, blurred vision,
  constipation, diarrhea drowsiness and dizziness.
• Serious Effects - trouble with muscle control,
  frequent and unmanageable muscle spasm and
  cramps. Negative changes to Mental Health.

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• Nursing Interventions for Schizophrenia
• by Dan

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Nursing interventions for Schizophrenia by Dan

• Nursing interventions for Schizophrenia include
• Assistance with Activities of daily living.
• Provision of a safe physical environment.
• Supervision.
• This will often include restriction of drugs.
• Medications.
• Continued...

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Nursing interventions for Schizophrenia by Dan

• Psychotherapy.
• This is used to help patients improve their
  relationships, integrate into society and help
  assist with Daily Living.
• Psychotherapy is generally used after the acute
  phase has passed.

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Psychotherapy

• Definition of Psychotherapy
• Psychotherapy The treatment of a behavior
  disorder, mental illness, or any other condition
  by psychological means. Psychotherapy may utilize
  insight, persuasion, suggestion, reassurance, and
  instruction so that patients may see themselves
  and their problems more realistically and have
  the desire to cope effectively with them.
• (http//www.medterms.com 2009 MedicineNet, Inc.

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Psychotherapy

• An example of the use of psychotherapy on a
  schizophrenic patient would be
• Following medication therapy the patient remains
  withdrawn. The patient is screened for depression
  and found to be severely anxious.
• A Psychiatric nurse would then be called to
  discuss their withdrawal and find treat the
  symptoms.
• Continued

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Psychotherapy

• The psychiatric nurse discusses and teaches
  coping strategies.
• Some options include
• Positive suggestion and social activities.
• Group therapy can provide perspective.
• Teaching Communication skills.
• Emphasize the need for a healthy diet and
  personal hygiene.

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References
References

• 2004 by Donald J Franklin, PhD -
  http//www.psychologyinfo.com/Schizophrenia/cognit
  ive.htm
• Video courtesy of http//mindyourmind.ca
  patients video.
• Clipart is royalty-free and courtesy of various
  sources.
• Mayo Clinic - http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/cat
  atonic-schizophrenia/ds00863