The Role of GNSS in the GLAs Future Service Provision

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The Role of GNSS in the GLAs Future Service
Provision

• Dr Sally BaskerDirector of Research
  RadionavigationGeneral Lighthouse Authorities of
  the United Kingdom Ireland

International Information Sub-Committee,Civil
GPS Service Interface Committee,Manchester, 7
May 2006
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Content

• The GLAs
• Shipping trends and e-Navigation
• The Role of GNSS
• Securing e-Navigation Benefits

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The General Lighthouse Authorities
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The General Lighthouse Authorities of the United
Kingdom and Ireland
The tri-GLA Research Radionavigation
directorate works on behalf of all three GLAs
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Building on a track record of success

• The GLAs shared mission is is the delivery of a
  reliable, efficient and cost effective AtoN
  service for the benefit and safety of all
  mariners
• The GLAs operate in a user pays cost-recovery
  environment based on Light Dues
• Light dues have reduced by 50 in real terms in
  the last 10 years
• This has been achieved by improving the
  cost-effectiveness of physical aids to navigation
  (lights and floating aids)
• Taking this further means delivering a
  radionavigation dividend
• cost-savings that result from the introduction of
  radionavigation services and their take-up in the
  maritime sector

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Shipping trends and e-Navigation
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Ships are getting larger
In June 2006 the company Royal Caribbean plans to
launch a vessel of 158,000 tons, with
accommodation for 3,600 passengers
Source MAN BW Diesel A/S. Propulsion Trends in
Container Vessels. www.manbw.com
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Ships are getting faster
The SuperSeaCat is more than 100 metres long,
carries 800 passengers plus 175 cars, and
operates at 38 knots
Source MAN BW Diesel A/S. Propulsion Trends in
Container Vessels. www.manbw.com
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Traffic is becoming more congested
On average, a ship passes through the Dover
Straits every 3 minutes
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e-Navigation - making safe navigation easier and
cheaper

• The cost-effective collection, integration and
  display of maritime information onboard and
  ashore by electronic means, to enhance
  berth-to-berth navigation and related services,
  for safety and security at sea, and protection of
  the marine environment
• Widespread support at IMO and IALA
• Delivery
• GNSS underpinned by fail-safe supplementary
  position signals
• integrated displays communications
  information management alarm prioritisation
  shore-based monitoring intervention
• It will enable new applications
• virtual AtoNs for the early marking of wrecks or
  other hazards before they are marked physically
  with wreck-marking buoys

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The Role of GNSS
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GNSS for navigation

• GNSS will be the dominant e-Navigation sensor in
  the maritime domain
• Current GPS and DGPS is likely to continue to be
  the mainstay of many ships for many years
• more than 30 of all ships are older than 20
  years
• The L1 and L5 frequencies will offer GPS/Galileo
  interoperability for maritime users

Source United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development (UNCTAD) 2005 Review of Maritime
Transport
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GNSS for situational awareness

• GNSS is being used for situational awareness in
  two ways
• Automatic Identification Systems (AIS)
• Long Range Identification and Tracking
• AIS uses GPS for timing and positioning
• ship borne and shore base stations
• ship borne and shore-based situational awareness
• used as an AtoN (e-ANSI, synthetic AIS, virtual
  AtoNs)
• LRIT uses GPS for positioning
• mainly shore-based situational awareness for
  security and safety

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GNSS for timing

• GPS is used for timing synchronised or sequenced
  lights
• some AtoN lights are less conspicuous when viewed
  against light-polluted waterfront backgrounds
• options include changing the characteristics of
  individual lights (e.g. flashing blue/yellow) or
  groups of lights (e.g. synchronise or sequence)
• important safety issue
• GPS is also used for timing in AIS user equipment
  base stations

Courtesy Sealite
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The impact of GPS on marine service provision
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GPS is a key enabling technology and a target for
jamming

• Many of the GLAs current and future e-Navigation
  services are enabled by GPS
• GPS is vulnerable and is a target
• for people who do not want to be tracked
• for people who want to disrupt society more
  generally
• IGEB, February 2001
• GPS provides many benefits to civilian users. It
  is vulnerable, however, to interference and other
  disruptions that can have harmful consequences.
  GPS users must ensure that adequate independent
  backup systems or procedures can be used when
  needed

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Securing GNSS Benefits for e-Navigation
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Reverting from e-Navigation to physical AtoNs

• e-Navigation systems will be designed with high
  levels of availability and reliability to support
  one-man-bridge and other innovative operations
• Reverting from e-Navigation based solely on GNSS
  to physical AtoNs will become less
  straightforward
• Under some circumstances navigational safety
  might actually worsen
• A second, complementary and dissimilar,
  multi-modal independent PNT service is needed to
  realise the full benefits of e-Navigation

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eLoran the right supplementary positioning
signal for e-Navigation

• A single source of positioning and timing is
  unacceptable in the marine domain
• A Marine navigation and surveillance need a
  mixture of positioning and timing systems and
  e-Navigation needs a second, complementary and
  dissimilar, multi-modal independent PNT service
  is needed
• eLoran is the only service that fulfils the
  requirement

• PNT Position, Navigation and Time
• Including radar transponders Racons
• SBAS has independent time but not P or N

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eLoran makes sense

• The eLoran objective
• the provision of an international,
  globally-standardised eLoran PNT (position,
  navigation and time) multi-modal service, based
  on interoperable multi-regional components both
  as a complement to GNSS and as a stand-alone
  backup in case of failure
• eLoran must make sense to governments, service
  providers and users
• improving safety
• meeting IMO A.915 general navigation requirements
• improving the cost-effectiveness of AtoN service
  provision

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eLoran will secure key GNSS benefits for
e-Navigation

• eLoran will secure the important GNSS benefits
  for e-Navigation and AtoN service provision
• Increased operational flexibility and improved
  safety from new operational concepts
• Greater throughput of freight
• Virtual AtoNs
• earlier marking of wrecks
• traffic separation schemes
• marking shifting channels and sand banks
• Reduced cost of AtoN service provision
• Insurance against intentional or unintentional
  interference

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eLoran at ENC

• Briefing presentations
• Monday Shipping trends, e-Navigation, eLoran
  White Paper
• Tuesday Harwich trials, container tracking,
  French experience
• Wednesday GLA RRNAV procurements in 2006/7
• Papers
• Mitchs bit
• GLA paper