Subordinate Clauses

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Subordinate Clauses
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what words begin subordinate clauses?
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Subordinating conjunctions usually begin the ADVSC
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Relative pronouns begin ADJSC and NSC
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Adverb Subordinate Clause ADVSC

• Function Modify verbs, adjectives and adverbs.
• Location in a sentence Anywhere.
• Punctuation rules
• If ADVSC begins a sentence, always place a comma
  after it.
• If ADVSC is after independent clause, comma
  usually not needed.

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Examples of ADVSC

• Because I did not study for the test
  sufficiently, I barely passed.
• Whenever Miranda looks at me, I just want to hide
  my face until she goes away.
• My sister will need to do the dishes as soon as
  she can so that she will be ready when her
  friends arrive.

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Adjective Subordinate Clause ADJSC

• Function modify nouns or pronouns
• Begins with relative pronouns, (or occasionally
  where and when)
• Location always follows word modified
• Punctuation rules
• if ADJSC is essential to meaning of sentence, no
  comma is needed.
• If ADJSC is not essential, you need commas

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Examples of ADJSC

• The musicians whom we enjoyed more than any
  others were the members from UNTs One Oclock
  Lab Band.
• Shakespeares sonnets, which I have read more
  than once, are among my favorite poems.
• Have you seen the new car that Kenny is driving?

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Noun Subordinate Clause NSC

• Functions just as a noun functions
• If NSC
• Is a subject (S)it tells who or what the sentence
  is about
• Is a predicate nominative (PN) it identifies the
  subject.
• Is a direct object (DO) it tells whom or what
  receives the verbs action
• Is an indirect object (IO) it tells to whom, to
  what, for who or for what an action is done.
• Is an object of the preposition (OP) it is being
  connected to another word in the sentence by that
  preposition
• Is an appositive (AP) it identifies the noun that
  comes before it

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Locations of NSC

• If the subject, the NSC is usually at the
  beginning of the sentence.
• If it is the PN, the NSC follows the linking
  verb.
• If it is the DO, the NSC follows an action verb.
• If it is the IO, the NSC comes between an action
  verb and a direct object.
• If it is an OP, the NSC follows a preposition.
• If it is an AP, the NSC comes right after the
  noun it modifies.

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Punctuation

• The NSC is not separated by commas unless it is
  functioning as a non-essential appositive

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Examples of the NSC

• How Louis survived four days in a blizzard on
  Mt. McKinley is the subject of his new book.
  NSCS
• A solution to the problem is what I am seeking.
  NSCPN
• Achilles believes that Agamemnon has dishonored
  him. NSCDO
• Ms. Jamison will give whoever needs one a ticket
  to the fair. NSCIO
• The meaning of whatever you just said is
  apparently beyond my understanding. NSCOP
• Yesterdays Supreme Court ruling, that anyone
  accused of doing a crime must first be read their
  Miranda rights, has been established practice for
  some time. NSCAP