Handheld GPS An Overview

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Handheld GPS An Overview

• Maa-123.320 GIS Architectures
• Antti Castrén

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Table of Contents

• Different types of handheld GPS
• Main parts of a handheld GPS
• Data input and output
• Different data types
• Connectivity
• Map softwares for handheld GPS
• Emphasis on handheld GPS as an independent GIS

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Different types of handheld GPS

• Intended use
• Outdoor recreation
• Marine
• Vehicle mountable
• Avionics
• Combined

• Features
• Power source
• Size
• Weight
• Display size, resolution and color
• Memory
• Built-in software
• Additional software
• Connectivity

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Main parts of a handheld GPS (1)

• Garmin GPS 72 (245)
• Receiver antenna
• Keyboard
• Display (bw)
• Water resistant case
• Connectors (on the other side)

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Main parts of a handheld GPS (2)
Magellan Meridian Gold
Garmin eTrex Vista C
485
445
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Data available

• Received and computed data
• Time
• Location (f, ?, h)
• Quality
• PDOP
• Almanac
• etc

• Data types
• Track (automatic)
• Waypoint
• Route
• Proximity
• Additional features
• Celestial data
• POI, Cities

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Some output types

• Direction
• Bearing, course, track
• Distance
• To next, to dest.
• Elevation
• ETA
• To next, to destination
• Speed
• Current, velocity made good

• Time to
• Next, destination
• Navigational helps
• Off course, to course, turn
• Trip computer
• Time
• Total, moving, stopped
• Distance traveled
• Speed
• Average, maximum

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Data types (1)

• Track point
• ID
• Time stamp
• Location
• Altitude
• Track
• ID
• Name
• Points included

• Waypoint
• ID
• Symbol
• Name
• Comment
• Location
• Elevation
• Depth
• Show on map

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Data types (2)

• Route
• ID
• Name
• Waypoints included
• Proximity
• Waypoint
• Radius

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Units, datums and formats

• Units
• Metric, imperial, nautical
• Degrees, cardinals, mils
• Datums
• Based on WGS84
• Over 100 other datums
• Including KKJ as Finland Hayford
• User datum
• a, f, dx, dy, dz

• Location format
• Latitude longitude
• Over 20 local grids
• Including YKJ/KKJ27 as Finnish Grid
• UTMUPS, MGRS
• Maidenhead, LORAN
• User UTM grid
• Longitude origin, scale, false easting, false
  northing

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Communication protocols

• NMEA 2.3
• GP(RMC, GGA, GL, BWC, VTG, XTE, RMB)
• GP(GSA, GSV, WPL, RTE)
• PGRM(E, Z, M)
• Garmin (DGPS) protocol
• Text out
• RTCM in

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NMEA example
GPRMC,183729,A,3907.356,N,12102.482,W,000.0,360.0
,080301,015.5,E6F GPRMB,A,,,,,,,,,,,,V71 GPGGA
,183730,3907.356,N,12102.482,W,1,05,1.6,646.4,M,-2
4.1,M,,75 GPGSA,A,3,02,,,07,,09,24,26,,,,,1.6,1.
6,1.03D GPGSV,2,1,08,02,43,088,38,04,42,145,00,0
5,11,291,00,07,60,043,3571 GPGSV,2,2,08,08,02,14
5,00,09,46,303,47,24,16,178,32,26,18,231,4377 PG
RME,22.0,M,52.9,M,51.0,M14 GPGLL,3907.360,N,1210
2.481,W,183730,A33 PGRMZ,2062,f,32D PGRMM,WGS
8406 GPBOD,,T,,M,,47 GPRTE,1,1,c,007 GPRMC,1
83731,A,3907.482,N,12102.436,W,000.0,360.0,080301,
015.5,E67 GPRMB,A,,,,,,,,,,,,V71
GGA Global Positioning System Fix
Data 183730 Fix taken at 183730 UTC
3907.356,N Latitude 39 deg 07.356' N
12102.482,W Longitude 121 deg 02.482' E 1
Fix quality 0 invalid
1 GPS fix (SPS)
2 DGPS fix
3 PPS fix
4 Real Time Kinematic
5 Float RTK
6 estimated (dead reckoning) (2.3 feature)
7 Manual input mode
8 Simulation
mode 05 Number of satellites being
tracked 1.6 Horizontal dilution of
position 646.4,M Altitude, Meters,
above mean sea level -24.1,M Height of
geoid (mean sea level) above WGS84
ellipsoid (empty field) time in
seconds since last DGPS update (empty field)
DGPS station ID number 75 the
checksum data, always begins with
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Map softwares for handheld GPS

• Usually one software product is suitable only for
  selected models of one manufacturer
• Finally there is also topographic maps available
  covering Finland
• Because of very limited size of displays it's
  more useful for many purposes to use paper map
  and handheld GPS together

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Handhelp GPS is useful for

• Leisure boating
• Hiking
• Geocaching
• Occasional route planning
• Finding previous surveying points
• Collecting data for non-professional purposes

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Any questions?
Thanks for listening.