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RABIES IN SOUTH ASIA EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS

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Rabid Cows. Almost every rabid cow goes off feed and about half the rabid cows exhibit fever. ... Majority of both cows and buffaloes (66%) reveal prolonged ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: RABIES IN SOUTH ASIA EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS


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RABIES IN SOUTH ASIA- EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
INVESTIGATIONS
  • C.K.Singh and B.S. Sandhu
  • Rabies Research-cum-Diagnostic Laboratory,
  • Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences
    University, Ludhiana , Punjab, INDIA
  • rabiesck_at_gmail.com

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Talking from highest prevalence of rabies in
Eurasia
  • More than 20,000 human deaths occur every year
  • 17.4 million humans are bitten by dogs in India
    every year
  • Over Rs. 1200 crores are spent annually on post
    bite vaccination assuming about half of the
    exposed do not get PET
  • Over 15 Crores is spent on PET in farm animals

3
The Study
  • The study was conducted on brain tissues
    collected from a total of 356 animals including
    231 dogs, 79 buffaloes and 46 cows.
  • The brain tissues of only those animals that were
    suspected to be suffering from rabies clinically
    were included in this study.

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Impression smear from hippocampus of a rabid dog
showing magenta colored intracellular Negri body
(arrow) in a neuron. Sellers stain x875
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Section of Hippocampus of a rabid dog showing
intra-cytoplasmic eosinophilic Negri bodies (
arrows ) in neurons. HE x875
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Incidence in animals
  • Suspected Confirmed
  • 356 201
  • 231 dogs 128 dogs
  • 79 buffaloes 44 buffaloes
  • 46 cows 29 cows

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Initial Signs of Rabies
  • Rabid Dogs
  • About half the rabid dogs go off feed show
    change in behavior few exhibit fever. Ocular
    involvement is rare.
  • Rabid Cows
  • Almost every rabid cow goes off feed and about
    half the rabid cows exhibit fever. Few rabid cows
    exhibit ocular involvement .
  • Rabid Buffaloes
  • Majority of rabid buffaloes go off feed and more
    than half exhibit fever. Majority of buffaloes
    show ocular involvement .

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Most susceptible Age/Sex
  • Incidence in higher in adult dogs (3 Yrs.) and
    pups (Years dogs.
  • The higher incidence of rabies in male dogs is
    largely due to their gregarious wandering and
    furious nature especially during breeding season.

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Signs Symptoms -Dogs v/s Bovines
  • Only 24 percent rabid dogs show hyper salivation
    that is characteristic for bovines. So,
    Veterinarian need not look for clinical
    hypersalivation while suspecting dog rabies.
  • Only 30 rabid dogs show paralysis . Paralysis
    is not necessarily the end sign in dogs.

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Signs Symptoms -Dogs v/s Bovines
  • About half of the rabid dogs continue to
    recognize their owner
  • Most rabid cows and buffaloes fail to recognize
    their owners

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Signs Symptoms -Dogs v/s Bovines
  • More than half (61) of all rabid animals show
    aggressive behavior. Majority of aggressive rabid
    dogs inflict bite wounds to humans and/or other
    animals.
  • Aggression of bovines is limited to inflicting
    trauma to themselves. No rabid bovine ever bites
    other animals and/or humans.

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Bovines - SimilarityBellowing in Bovines
  • Majority of both cows and buffaloes (66) reveal
    prolonged and prominent fits of loud bellowing

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Bovines - Differences Drooling Saliva -32 v/s
86
  • Drooling saliva is often reported as the
    characteristic feature in rabies in bovines
  • It was found that hyper salivation was exhibited
    by less than half (32) of rabid buffaloes
  • However, hyper salivation was more commonly
    exhibited (86) by rabid cows.

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Bovines - Differences Micturition in Bovines
  • Rabid Cows
  • Reveal frequent micturition
  • Rabid Buffaloes
  • Frequent micturition is not common in buffaloes

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Month-wise Incidence
  • Increased incidence in dogs was reported during
    January, February, July and November.
  • Increased incidence in buffaloes was observed
    during January to March
  • Increased incidence in cattle was observed during
    March, April, June, August, October and November

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Major Area of Concern
  • 78 of owned rabid dogs were not vaccinated
    prophylactically.
  • There is high incidence of rabies in
    owned/community dogs.

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Merci
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Characteristics of rabid dogs
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Characteristics of rabid cows
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Characteristics of rabid buffaloes
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