Kitchens

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Kitchens

• A well-designed kitchen is both efficient and
  pleasing in appearance

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Table of Contents Links
Types of Kitchens
Kitchen Design Considerations
U-Shaped Kitchen
Functions
Storage Mixing Center
Peninsula Kitchen
Cooking Center
L-Shaped Kitchen
Clean Up Center
Corridor Kitchen
One-Wall Kitchen
The Work Triangle
Island Kitchen
Family Kitchen
Regardless of Its Shape
Decor
Size and Shape
Link to Kitchen Planning Guidelines
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Kitchen Design Considerations
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Understanding the functions of a kitchen is the
first step in planning a kitchen's design.
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Functions
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Functions

• Food preparation
• the primary function of the kitchen
• The kitchen may also be used as a dining area

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Functions contd

• The proper placement of appliances is important
• Locating appliances in an efficient pattern
• eliminates wasted motion

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Functions contd

• An efficient kitchen has three basic areas or
  centers
• the STORAGE center
• the COOKING center
• the CLEAN UP center

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Functions contd

• A fourth area, MIXING,
• is combined into one or more of the others
• usually storage

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Storage Mixing Center

• Refrigerator
• The refrigerator is the major appliance in the
  storage and mixing center
• The refrigerator may be freestanding, built-in or
  even suspended from a wall

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Storage Mixing Center contd

• Cabinets
• Cabinets for the storage of utensils and food
  ingredients,
• as well as a countertop work area,
• are also included in this center

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Cooking Center

• The major appliances in the cooking center are
  the
• Range
• Oven

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Cooking Center contd

• The range and oven
• may be combined into one application
• or be separated into two appliances,
• with the burners installed in the countertop
  (cook top) as one appliance
• and an oven built into a cabinet.

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Cooking Center contd

• The cooking center should have countertop work
  space
• Storage space for minor appliances and cooking
  utensils.
• An adequate supply of electrical outlets for
  using appliances is necessary

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Cleanup Center

• The sink is the major appliance
• Sinks are available in
• one-, two-, or three-bowl models
• with a variety of cabinet arrangements,
  countertops, and drain board areas

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Cleanup Center contd

• The cleanup center may also include
• a waste-disposal unit
• an automatic dishwasher
• a waste compactor
• and cabinets for storing cleaning supplies.

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The Work Triangle

• If you draw a line connecting the three centers
  of the kitchen, a triangle is formed.
• Figure 10-2
• This is called the work triangle.

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The Work Triangle
Sink
Refrigerator
Range
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The Work Triangle contd

• The perimeter of an efficient kitchen work
  triangle should be no more than 22

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The Work Triangle contd

• Although the size of the work triangle is an
  indication of kitchen efficiency,
• the triangle is primarily useful as a starting
  point in kitchen design
• The triangle should not be rigidly maintained at
  the expense of flexibility and creativity

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The Work Triangle contd

• The arrangements of the three areas of the work
  triangle may vary greatly
• However, efficient arrangements can be designed
  in each of the seven basic types of kitchens
  described

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Stop and Consider

• Discuss the following
• What does this really look like?
• How big does this turn out to be?

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Types of Kitchens
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U-Shaped Kitchen

• The U-shaped kitchen is very efficient and
  popular
• The sink is located at the bottom of the U,
• and the range and the refrigerator are at the
  opposite ends.

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U-Shaped Kitchen contd

• Traffic passing through the kitchen is completely
  separated from the work triangle
• The open space in the U between the sides should
  be 4' or 5'

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U-Shaped Kitchen contd

• This arrangement produces a very efficient small
  kitchen.

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U-Shaped Kitchens contd

• When designing U-shaped kitchens,
• special attention must be given to door hinges
  and drawer positions
• Design cabinet doors and drawers to open without
  interfering with each other
• especially at cabinet corners

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Peninsula Kitchen

• The peninsula kitchen is similar to the U-shaped
  kitchen,
• but one end of the U is not adjacent to a wall
• It projects into the room like a piece of land
  (peninsula) into a body of water

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Peninsula Kitchen contd

• This peninsula is often used for the cooking
  center
• However, it may serve several other functions as
  well

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Peninsula Kitchen contd

• The peninsula is often used for an eating area as
  well as for food preparation

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Peninsula Kitchen contd

• It may join the kitchen to the dining room or
  family room
• Figure 10-6 shows various arrangements of
  peninsula kitchens and the resulting work
  triangles

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Peninsula Kitchen contd

• Most peninsula kitchens contain large countertops
  for work space
• Peninsulas may contain only lower or base
  cabinets,
• but some may include upper cabinets suspended
  from ceilings

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L-Shaped Kitchen

• The L-shaped kitchen has
• continuous counters
• Appliances
• and equipment located on two adjoining,
  perpendicular walls
• Two work centers are usually located on one wall
  and the third center is on the other wall

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L-Shaped Kitchen contd

• The work triangle is not in the traffic pattern
• If the walls of an L-shaped kitchen are too long,
  
• the compact efficiency of the kitchen is
  destroyed

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L-Shaped Kitchen con td

• An L-shaped kitchen requires less space than the
  U-shaped kitchen
• The remaining open space often created by an
  L-shaped arrangement
• can serve as an eating area,
• without taking space from the work areas

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Corridor Kitchen

• Two-wall corridor kitchens are very efficient
  arrangements for long, narrow rooms

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Corridor Kitchen Contd

• They are very popular for small apartments,
• but are used extensively anywhere space is
  limited
• A corridor kitchen produces a very efficient work
  triangle,
• as long as traffic does not need to pass through
  that work triangle

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Corridor Kitchen contd

• The corridor space between cabinets (not walls)
  should be
• no smaller than 4
• preferably 6'

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Corridor Kitchen contd

• One of the best work arrangements locates the
• refrigerator and sink on one wall
• and the range on the opposite wall

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One Wall Kitchen

• A one-wall kitchen is an excellent plan for
• small apartments
• Cabins
• or houses in which little space is available

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One Wall Kitchens contd

• The work centers are located
• along one line
• rather than in a triangular shape
• But this design still produces an efficient
  arrangement

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One Wall Kitchens contd

• When planning a one-wall kitchen
• the designer must be careful
• to avoid creating walls that are too long

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One Wall Kitchens contd

• Adequate storage facilities need to be well
  planned also
• Since space is often limited in a one-wall
  kitchen

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Island Kitchen

• The island kitchen
• another geographically-named arrangement
• has a separate, freestanding structure in the
  kitchen
• that is usually located in the central part of
  the room

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Island Kitchen contd

• An island in the kitchen is accessible on all
  sides
• It usually has
• a range top
• or sink
• or both

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Island Kitchen contd

• Other facilities are sometimes located in the
  island such as
• a mixing center
• work table
• serving counter
• extra sink
• and/or snack center

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Island Kitchen

• The next two illustrations show examples of other
  island facilities

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Island Kitchen contd

• The island design is especially convenient
• when two or more persons work in the kitchen at
  the same times

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Island Kitchen contd

• When an island contains a range or grill
• allow at least 16" on the sides for utensil space

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Island Kitchen contd

• Also consider the use of a downdraft exhaust
  system
• which pulls vapors down and out
• rather than up
• to eliminate the need for overhead hooded vents

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Island Kitchens contd

• Allow at least 42" on all sides of an island
• If used for eating
• also add the depth of the chair or stool

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Family Kitchens

• The family kitchen is an open kitchen using any
  kitchen shape

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Family Kitchens contd

• The function of an open kitchen is to
• provide a meeting place for the entire family
• in addition to the usual kitchen services

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Family Kitchens contd

• A family kitchen often appears to have two parts
  in one room
• The three food preparation work centers comprise
  one section

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Family Kitchens contd

• The dining area and family-room facilities
  comprise another section

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• The next illustration shows several possible
  arrangements for family kitchens

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Family Kitchens contd

• Family kitchens must be rather large to
  accommodate these facilities
• An average size for a family kitchen is 225 sq.
  ft

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Family Kitchens contd

• Eating areas can be designed with either
• tables and chairs
• or with chairs
• and/or stools at a counter

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Family Kitchens contd

• When counters are used for eating
• allow at least 12" for knee space
• between the end of the counter and the face of
  the base cabinet

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Regardless Of Its Shape

• The kitchen is the core of the service area
• And should be located
• near the service entrance
• as well as near the waste-disposal area

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Regardless of Its Shape contd

• The kitchen must be
• adjacent to eating areas
• both indoors and outdoors

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Regardless of Its Shape contd

• The children's play area should also be
• visible
• or easily accessible
• from the kitchen

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Decor
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Decor

• Kitchens cost more per square foot than any other
  room
• Most of this cost relates to the selection of
• Appliances
• Cabinetry
• and fixtures.

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Décor contd

• By selecting the least expensive models of
  appliances, hardware, and cabinetry,
• the same kitchen design can often be built for
  one-fourth the cost of a kitchen which contains
  the most expensive features

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Décor contd

• Even though most kitchen appliances are produced
  in contemporary designs
• some clients and designers prefer to decorate
  kitchens with a traditional style
• as a motif or theme

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Décor contd

• The cabinets, floors, walls, and accessory
  furniture
• would then be selected according to that chosen
  theme

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Décor contd

• Designing a totally harmonious kitchen
• is made easier by the wide variety of
• appliance sizes
• Colors
• and styles

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Décor contd

• Regardless of the style
• the kitchen walls, floors, countertops, and
  cabinets
• should require a minimum amount of maintenance

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Décor contd

• Materials that are relatively maintenance-free
  include
• stainless steel, stain-resistant plastic, ceramic
  tile, washable wall coverings, washable paint,
  vinyl, molded and laminated plastic countertops,
  doors, drawers, and cabinet bases

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Décor contd

• Options in kitchen design have broadened because
  of
• new synthetic and composite materials
• and new construction methods for cabinets and
  countertops

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Décor contd

• Many kitchens now have what only the highest
  quality kitchens had a few years ago

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Size and Shape
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Size and Shape

• When planning kitchens
• cabinet sizes and spacing
• plus the size of appliances
• need to be considered
• to assure that adequate space is available for
  all elements of the design

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Size and Shape contd

• The following illustrations show typical sizes of
  common kitchen appliances

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Link to Kitchen Planning Guidelines