SECOND -STAGE OF PATENT PROJECT

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SECOND -STAGE OF PATENT PROJECT
TITLE TREATMENT /REDUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL
MYOPIA
PROBLEM BACKGROUNDPATENT SEARCH AND DESCRIPTION
OF THE STATE OF ART IN TREATMENT.
BY SACHIN JAMBAWALIKAR
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THE PROBLEM MYOPIA MYOPIA The ray of light from
a distant object is focussed in front of the
retina rather than on the retina
. TYPES Functional It is an inability to see
at the distance due to the weakening of the
ciliary muscles that regulate the medium of
accommodation (crystalline lens). Structural
Here the eye ball gets elongated and as a result
the rays from distant object dont focus on the
retina.
MYOPIC
NORMAL
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• PRESENT APPROACH TOWARDS TREATMENT
• OPTICAL CORRECTION
• MEDICAL (PHARMACEUTICAL)
• VISION THERAPY
• ORTHOKERATOLOGY
• SURGERY
• FOOD AND NUTRITION

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OPTICAL CORRECTION

• OPTICAL CORRECTION INVOLVES THE USE OF
  SPECTACLES AND CONTACT LENSES .
• SPECTACLES ARE ECONOMICAL WHILE THE CONTACT
  LENSES PROVIDE BETTER COSMESIS.

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MEDICAL (PHARMACUETICAL)

• CYCLOPLEGIC AGENTS ARE USED TO REDUCE
  ACCOMODATIVE RESPONSE AS PART OF TREATMENT OF
  PSEUDOMYOPIA.
• THE CYCLOPLEGIC AGENTS USED ARE ATROPINE AND
  CYCLOPENTOLATE.

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VISION THERAPY

• UNAIDED VISUAL ACUITY CAN BE IMPROVED USING
  VISION THERAPY.
• VISION THERAPY TO REDUCE ACCOMODATIVE RESPONSE
  IS OFTEN PROVIDED FOR PSEUDOMYOPIA.

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ORTHOKERATOLOGY

• Orthokeratology is the programmed fitting of a
  series of contact lensesover a period of weeks
  or months to flatten the cornea and reduce
  myopia.

• Corneas with greater peripheral flattening are
  thought more likely to have successful central
  flattening thus leading to reduced myopia via
  orthokeratology.

• Studies suggest that the refractive error shifts
  towards the original base line in
  patients who stop wearing contact lenses.

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REFRACTIVE SURGERY

• Several refractory surgery methods are in use
• One procedure is radial keratotomy(RK)
• here spoke like micro incisions are made in a
  radial pattern in the paracentral cornea.
• This weakened part steepens while the central
  cornea flattens .
• The amount of resultant refractive change depends
  on the size of the optical zone and the number of
  incisions.

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• Another important surgical method is PRK (Photo
  Refractive Keratectomy.
• Here corneal power is decreased by laser ablation
  of the central cornea.

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• Additional refractive surgery include
• cryolathe keratomileusis automated lamellar
  keratomileusis (ALK) and Laser insitu
  keratomileusis(LASIK).
• In cryolathe keratomileusis a section of corneal
  stroma
• is removed frozen and shaped on a lathe to
  minus power.
• In ALK a layer of corneal epithelium is removed
  with a microkeratome except for a small section
  providing attachment to the cornea.The
  microkeratome is then used to remove a specific
  amount of corneal strom to flatten it after
  which the flap is replaced.
• The LASIK is similar to ALK except that the
  corneal stroma is removed by the laser rather
  than microkeratome.The lasik procedure is
  gaining popularity among the surgeons.

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• Some current patents for devices and methods in
  the treatment
• of Myopia
• Accomodating intraocular lens implant There are
  three patents related to this. Here artificial
  lens is fitted and it is linked to the ciliary
  muscles or the zonules which helps in controling
  the curvature of the lens (US PAT
  601310160960785843188).
• Placement of second artificial lens in the eye
  to correct for the defects of the first Here the
  second artificial lens is placed between the
  first(in the lens capsule) and the iris (US PAT
  5769890).
• Optical refraction correction method This
  relates to photo refractive surgery .Something
  similar to LASIK (US PAT5603709).
• Corneal heat and stretch method and
  apparatusThis is a method and apparatus to non
  -invasively alter the shape of cornea.Here the
  cornea is selectively heated and suction pressure
  is applied thereby causing a permanent
  deformation of collagen fibers and hence a
  refractive change in the cornea (US PAT
  6024095).

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CONCLUSION My patent project will be on the
treatment or reduction of functional myopia by
controlling the accommodation of the lens. My
approach will be based on the relaxation of the
ciliary muscles for the flattening of the
lens.The ciliary muscles are innervated by the
third cranial nerve.When innervated the ciliary
muscles overcome the inherent choroidal tension
so that the choroid is moved forward and the
zonules relaxthereby causing the lens to
bulge.My concern will be to cause the ciliary
muscles to relax and hence reduce the refractive
power of the lens .