Updated West Nile Virus Information for Ohio http:www.odh.state.oh.usODHProgramsZOODISWNVwnv1.htm - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Updated West Nile Virus Information for Ohio http:www.odh.state.oh.usODHProgramsZOODISWNVwnv1.htm

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Title: Updated West Nile Virus Information for Ohio http:www.odh.state.oh.usODHProgramsZOODISWNVwnv1.htm


1
West Nile Virus
Culex quinquefasciatus
2
WNV The Basics
  • First case reported in 1999, NY 7 dead
  • By 2000 spread throughout New England
  • 2002, found in most states
  • Origin is Egypt, Israel, Asia, Africa
  • How did it get here? Human, bird, mosquito
  • Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)
  • Meningitis (inflammation of the lining of the
    brain and spinal cord)
  • Currently no human vaccine

3
WNV Update 10/02
  • The first two human cases of West Nile Virus were
    reported on August 14, 2002, one from Cuyahoga
    County and one from Franklin County.
  • As of October 11, 2002, there are 316 probable
    cases and 26 confirmed cases of West Nile Virus
    in Ohio.
  • There have been 14 deaths in Ohio.
  • Nationwide 3052 cases, 164 deaths

4
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5
West Nile Virus Entomology
  • Isolated from 40 mosquito species outside the US
  • Mostly Culex species
  • Cx. univittatus, Cx. perixiguus, Cx. pipiens, Cx.
    modestus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx.
    tritaeniorhynchus, and Cx. vishnui
  • Other mosquito species in a variety of genera
  • Aedes, Aedeomyia, Anopheles, Coquillettidia,
    Mansonia, Mimomyia
  • Other species as accessory vectors?
  • Isolated from ticks
  • Soft tick genera Argas, Ornithodoros
  • Hard tick genera Amblyomma, Dermacentor,
    Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus,

6
West Nile Virus Transmission Cycle
Mosquito vector
Incidental infections
West Nile virus
West Nile virus
Incidental infections
Bird reservoir hosts
7
West Nile Virus Reservoir Hosts
  • Isolated from numerous wild birds.
  • Wetland and terrestrial species.
  • Birds are primary amplifier hosts.
  • Reservoir status not known.
  • Migratory bird role in distribution and
    re-introduction of virus into northern latitudes.
  • Role of other vertebrates not known.

8
West Nile Fever Human Disease
  • Mild infections are common and include fever,
    headache, and body aches, often with skin rash
    and swollen lymph glands.
  • More severe infection is marked by headache, high
    fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation,
    coma, tremors, occasional convulsions, paralysis
    and, rarely, death.
  • The incubation period in humans is usually 5 to
    15 days.
  • Case-fatality rates range from 3 to 15 (higher
    in elderly than in younger age groups). Most
    fatal cases 50 years old.
  • There is no vaccine available for human use.

9
West Nile Virus in Wild Birds - 2001
10
West Nile Virus in Horses - 2001
11
West Nile Virus in Humans - 2001
12
West Nile Virus in Mosquitoes - 2001
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16
WNV Positive Samples 2001Bird, Mosquito,
Horse, Human
Cuyahoga 185 Franklin 35 Summit 10 Mahoning
10 Lake 13
17
WNV Positive Samples 10/2002Bird, Mosquito,
Horse, Human
Lowest 50
18
Updated West Nile Virus Information for
Ohiohttp//www.odh.state.oh.us/ODHPrograms/ZOODIS
/WNV/wnv1.htm
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