Christopher A. Peery s and Mathew L. Keefer

1
Adult salmon and steelhead survival through the
Columbia and Snake rivers mainstem hydropower
system.
Christopher A. Peery s and Mathew L. Keefer Fish
Ecology Research Lab Department of Fish and
Wildlife Resources University of Idaho Moscow, ID
83844-1136 cpeery_at_uidaho.edu
2
Background
Use telemetry and other data sources to
investigate
- passage at individual dams. - identify passage
obstacles. - survival through hydrosystem and
sources of loss. - Relationships to river
conditions and dam operations. - potential
sources of delayed mortality.
Synthesis of major adult issues
- dam and reach-specific escapement, - passage
time - fallback - straying - transport history
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3
Approach Collect and tag fish at Bonneville Dam
RDST 34 g 9 X 2 cm
7-volt 12 g 8 X 1.6 cm
3-volt 12 g 4.5 X 1.3 cm
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Fixed-site receiver locations Mobile tracking
Returns from hatcheries /stream
surveys Fishery reward program
McIntyre
Study Area
Dam
Canada
Lake
U.S.A.
Zosel
Osoyoos
Dam
Chief
Joseph
Grand
Wells
Coulee
Snake River
Rocky
Reach
Rock
Columbia River
Lower
Island
Wanapum
Little
Granite
Goose
Priest
Lower
Rapids
Monumental
Yakima R.
Ice


Harbor
John
Day
McNary
Bonneville
Portland
The
Dalles
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Number of Tagged Fish Released Below Bonneville
Dam
Fall
Sp/Su
Lamprey
Chinook
Steelhead
Chinook
1996
853
765
200
200
1997
1,014
975
957
1998
1,032
200
2000
973
745
843
300
200
2001
829
561
804
2002
900
756
945
2003
1,184
766
642
2004
557
607
300
Total
7,267
4,467
5,274
1,100
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Hydrosystem escapement estimates
Hydrosystem
Fish must pass Bonneville to be included
Upper ends bounded by tops of Lower Granite
and Priest Rapids dams
Strays are considered successful
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Hydrosystem Escapement 3 unknown-source stocks
778
884
803
952
919
678
814
781
913
932
659
445
521
952
528
810
916
724
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Passage time for adult Chinook salmon at
Bonneville Dam Typical median passage times vary
from 20 to 36 hrs.
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Passage time for adult Chinook salmon at
Bonneville Dam Pattern is consistent for other
dams and river reaches
Unsuccessful migrants
Successful migrants
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Hydrosystem passage times
Spring Chinook
Summer Chinook
r 2 0.86
r 2 0.48
r 2 0.21
r 2 0.85
Bonneville to McNary
Bonneville to Lower Granite
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Hydrosystem escapement versus Flow
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Fallback rates at Bonneville Steelhead
Sp-Su Chinook
Shift to Powerhouse 2 priority in 2001
Steelhead
Fall Chinook
Flow
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Effects of fallback at any dam on escapement
range 3.3-13.4
Fell back
mean 7.7
Did not fall back
range 11.1-25.5
mean 19.9
range 8.1-18.5
mean 12.9
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Straying spring-summer Chinook (00-03)
Total stray rate
2.2 (n 1,588)
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Stray locations
48
57 Bonneville
pool tribs
38
26 Deschutes
28
29
90
181
9 John Day
473
185
97
or Umatilla
142
10
9
99
120
10
9 Other
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Straying known-source fall Chinook (00-03)
166 known-source fall Chinook from 2000-2003
4.2 strayed (7) (2003 rate also 4.2)
121 were from the Snake River
3.3 strayed (4)
43 were from the upper Columbia, Yakima, or
Umatilla rivers
6.7 strayed (3)
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Straying known-source steelhead (00-03)
Total stray rate
10
6.8 (n 1,414)
Stray locations
9
51 Bonneville
pool tribs
21 Deschutes
9
140
17 John Day
359
326
435
102
9 Snake
9
2 Other
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Straying steelhead migration timing
402
75
776
299
298
448
171
296
288
627
457
0.163
0.002
0.022
43
0.002
0.145
chi-sq P values
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Synthesis
Annual Escapement 3 differences
Esc3 (Fallback fish) minus Esc3 (Non-Fallback
fish)
1996-2002
2003
Fallback
Adult Escapement
Differences were significant in 12 of 18 run-years
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Synthesis
Annual percent of Sp-Su Chinook
that fell back at any dam, 1996-2003
Flow
Fallback
2003
Adult Escapement
r 2 0.74
FB 0.06Flow 2.93
Escapement negatively correlated with Flow (r 2
0.71, P 0.02)
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Synthesis
Effects of juvenile transport from the
Snake River on adult fallback, 2000-2002
Juvenile
Flow
Transport
Fallback ()
Sp-Su Chinook
Steelhead
Barged
17.3 (231)
14.8 (393)
Fallback
Not barged
7.9 (152)
9.3 (257)
Chi-sq P
0.008
0.042
Fallback frequency
Adult Escapement
Sp-Su Chinook
Steelhead
Barged
2.95
1.84
Not barged
1.00
1.17
T-test P
0.009
0.012
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Synthesis
Effects of juvenile transport from the
Snake River on adult survival, 2000-2002
Juvenile
Flow
Transport
Unaccounted for ()
Sp-Su Chinook
Steelhead
Barged
14.7 (197)
16.1 (267)
Fallback
Not barged
6.2 (130)
8.4 (214)
Chi-sq P
0.017
0.012
Harvested fish and strays excluded
Adult Escapement
Barged
18.0 (205)
22.0 (287)
Not barged
6.9 (131)
8.4 (222)
Chi-sq P
0.004
0.003
Harvest excluded, strays unsuccessful
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Synthesis
Known-source steelhead survival based
on mainstem temperature exposure ( 21 C)
Juvenile
Flow
Transport
Fallback




Adult Escapement

(temporary)
Temperature
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Synthesis
Temperature and permanent straying
Juvenile
Flow
Transport
Steelhead
Fallback
Adult Escapement




Temperature
chi-sq P values Straying
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Synthesis
Effects of juvenile transport from the
Snake River on adult straying, 2000-2002
Juvenile
Flow
Transport
Permanently strayed ()
Sp-Su Chinook
Steelhead
Barged
3.6 (8/222)
7.0 (20/287)
Fallback
Not barged
0.8 (1/131)
3.9 (8/205)
Chi-sq P
0.102
0.148
Harvested fish excluded
Adult Escapement
Temperature
Straying
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Synthesis - Hydrosystem
Relationship between fallback and
known-source adult straying, 2000-2003
Juvenile
Flow
Transport
Fallback ()
Sp-Su Chinook
Steelhead
Strayed
31.4 (35)
18.8 (96)
Fallback
Did not stray
10.1 (1,414)
15.5 (1,165)
Chi-sq P
0.406
Harvested fish excluded
Adult Escapement
Temperature
Straying
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Results Chinook escapement upstream from FCRPS
2000
2001
2002
2003
Total
n
233
490
309
1,383
351
1.4 Snake LGr pool
Escaped LGr pool
98.3
99.4
99.4
99.2
99.4
Escaped Snake R.
97.9
96.7
96.1
97.3
98.9
0.8 LGr pool or ds
0.4 harvest
Clearwater
L. Granite
IH
Salmon
G. Ronde
Imnaha
Univ. Idaho
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Results Clearwater (all years)
Total n 323
NF CWR
Lochsa
Dworshak
Mainstem ds SF CWR
KFH
Mainstem
Selway
SF CWR
Other
Clearwater
Harvest 86 (27)
Maximum Escapement 73
Hatchery/Weir 76 (34)
- Reported harvest unsuccessful
Secondary tributaries 101 (31)
Escapement to tributaries 54
Mainstem ds SF CWR 47 (15)
- Harvest Mainstem unsuccessful
Mainstem us SF CWR 13 (4)
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Results Salmon River (all years)
Total n 850
Harvest 203 (24)
Mainstem ds NF
Other
NF Salmon
Hatchery/Weir 150 (18)
Tributaries 375 (44)
Mainstem ds NF 82 (10)
Rapid
Little Salmon
MF Salmon
Mainstem
Mainstem us NF 40 (5)
Lemhi
Maximum Escapement 76
- Reported harvest unsuccessful
SF Salmon
Escapement to tributaries 61
Sawtooth
- Harvest Mainstem unsuccessful
Pahsimeroi
EF Salmon
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Results Steelhead escapement
Granite pool 93.9
Snake 79.9
CR 64.7
Tributary harvest 62.0
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(No Transcript)
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2000 Sockeye salmon at Lower Granite Dam
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Sockeye survival vs. date
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Sockeye survival vs. temperature
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Fall Chinook salmon embryo survival vs. adult
female temperature exposure in L. Snake River