Globalization and the Environment

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Globalization and the Environment
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GLOBALIZATION a broad process of societal
transformation in which numerous interwoven
forces are making national borders more
permeable than ever before, including growth in
trade, investment, travel, and computer
networking.
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GLOBALIZATION a broad process of societal
transformation in which numerous interwoven
forces are making national borders more
permeable than ever before, including growth in
trade, investment, travel, and computer
networking (and invasive species!)
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What are the implications of globalization for
environmental conservation? What is or should
be the structure of global environmental
governance?
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GLOBALIZATION a broad process of societal
transformation in which numerous interwoven
forces are making national borders more
permeable than ever before, including growth in
trade, investment, travel, and computer
networking.
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The corporations tremendous financial resources,
the diversity of their interests, the squads of
talented professionals are now relentlessly
focused on the politics of governing. This new
institutional reality is the centerpiece in the
breakdown of contemporary democracy. Corporations
exist to pursue their own profit maximization,
not the collective aspirations of the Society. -
William Greider
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Multilateral Environmental Agreements and
Conventions Biodiversity Convention
(1992) Convention on International Trades in
Endangered Species (1973) Framework Convention on
Climate Change (1992) International Tropical
Timber Agreement (1983) Montreal Protocol on
Ozone Layer (1988) WHO Commission on Health and
Environment (1991) Convention on the Law of the
Sea (1982) Antarctic Treaty System International
Whaling Convention (1946) Convention on
Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes
(1989) MARPOL (Pollution from ships
1973) Convention on Wetlands of International
Importance (1971) Convention on Transboundary Air
Pollution (1979)
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Mandate of the World Trade Organization raising
standards of living, ensuring full employment and
a large and steadily growing volume of real
income and effective demand, and expanding the
production of and trade in goods and services,
while allowing for the optimal use of the worlds
resources in accordance with the objective of
sustainable development.
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Free Markets tend to underproduce environmental
quality so public policies are required to
promote a recognized public good. The difficulty
lies in the fact that the interests at stake in
environmental management are not just economic
and consequently the actors in the trade regime
will be unable to formulate an agreement that has
widespread credibility without active support
from those whose principal concern is the
environment. The stakes, however, are high. The
trade regime cannot risk confrontation with
national environmental policies because that
would serve to undermine the tenuous support
which exists for trade liberalization in a number
of key countries. - Konrad von Moltke (1996)
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Mandate of the World Trade Organization raising
standards of living, ensuring full employment and
a large and steadily growing volume of real
income and effective demand, and expanding the
production of and trade in goods and services,
while allowing for the optimal use of the worlds
resources in accordance with the objective of
sustainable development.
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Multilateral Environmental Agreements and
Conventions Biodiversity Convention
(1992) Convention on International Trades in
Endangered Species (1973) Framework Convention on
Climate Change (1992) International Tropical
Timber Agreement (1983) Montreal Protocol on
Ozone Layer (1988) WHO Commission on Health and
Environment (1991) Convention on the Law of the
Sea (1982) Antarctic Treaty System International
Whaling Convention (1946) Convention on
Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes
(1989) MARPOL (Pollution from ships
1973) Convention on Wetlands of International
Importance (1971) Convention on Transboundary Air
Pollution (1979)
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The World Band (Bank?) will not, under any
circumstances, finance commercial logging in
primary tropical forest. Financing of
infrastructure projects (e.g., roads, dams, etc.)
that might lead to a loss of TF will be subject
to rigorous environmental assessment.