Build a Balanced Speech - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Build a Balanced Speech

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Refer back to the attention-getter in the introduction (e.g., a vivid example) ... Vivid success stories or brief scenarios. Visual aids or models. Expert testimony ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Build a Balanced Speech


1
Build a Balanced Speech
  • Introduction-10 of the speech
  • Gain audience attention via an example, quote,
    statistics or a visual aid
  • State the Central Thesis (the main idea)
  • Establish your credibility
  • Identify with the audience and recognize the
    occasion
  • Preview the main points, in the same order they
    will appear in the speech

2
Build a Balanced Speech (continued)
  • Body-80 of the speech
  • Use 3-5 main points
  • Give balanced attention to each section
  • Conclusion-10 of the speech
  • This is a mirror image of introduction, with a
    review
  • Refer back to the attention-getter in the
    introduction (e.g., a vivid example)
  • Dont introduce new information
  • End with authority, and always on time

3
Employ Frequent Transitions
  • Transitions help adult learners knowwhat to
    expect
  • Transitions link the main parts of the speech,
    and create a smooth flow
  • Transitions can review, and then preview main
    points
  • Transitions can be long or short
  • Single words, phrases or sentences
  • Numbers

4
Examples of Transitions
  • Now that we have reviewed the problem of
    homelessness, lets examine three main causes
  • The second major problem is
  • Next, we will consider..
  • That brings us to
  • The final point

5
Employ Humor With Care
  • Where humor is concerned, there are no standards
    - no one can say what is good or bad, although
    you can be sure that everyone will!
  • John Kenneth Galbraith

6
Use Varied and MultipleTypes of Evidence and
Support
  • Examples
  • Vivid success stories or brief scenarios
  • Visual aids or models
  • Expert testimony
  • Quotes attributed to an expert enhance the
    speakers credibility
  • Statistics
  • Be sure to round off and interpret

7
There are three kinds of lies lies, damned lies
and statistics.
  • Benjamin Disraeli

8
Statistics always remind me of the fellow who
drowned in a river whose average depth was three
feet.
  • Woody Hayes
  • Coach, Ohio State Football

9
Always provide peoplewith a context to helpthem
understand.
  • Richard E. Moran

10
A talk is a voyage with a purpose, and it must be
charted. The man who starts out going
nowhere,generally gets there.
  • Dale Carnegie

11
Strategically Choose Your Organizational
Pattern(s)
  • Chronological (in order of occurrence, as in a
    historical perspective)
  • Topical (by subject)
  • Spatial (by physical position, as in geographic)
  • Problem-Cause-Solution
  • Problem-Solution
  • Monroes Motivated Sequence

12
Monroes Motivated Sequence
  • Attention
  • Create interest in the problem
  • Need
  • Analyze problem characteristics andrelate these
    to the audience needs
  • Satisfaction
  • Propose a course of action that eliminates the
    problem and satisfies audience needs, desires and
    wants

13
Monroes Motivated Sequence (continued)
  • Visualization
  • Verbally depict the world as it will exist ifthe
    plan is or is not instituted, and contrast these
    possibilities
  • Action
  • Call for audience commitment and action
  • Be specific
  • Monroes Motivated Sequence is commonly used in
    advertising to persuade

14
Delivery Tips
  • A speaker is always on stage
  • They are on from moment they are announced, to
    the time they return to their place in the
    audience
  • Pause before beginning
  • Vary intonation
  • A slightly faster pace increases audience
    comprehension
  • Maintain good eye contact
  • Assume a relaxed, open posture,with few
    self-adaptors/touch

15
(Sometimes, less is more)Talk low, talk
slow anddont say too much.
  • John Wayne

16
The right word may be effective, but no word was
ever as effective as arightly timed pause.
  • Mark Twain

17
To Minimize Anxiety
  • Convert anxiety to presentational energy
  • Recognize that mild arousal is normal
  • Seek public speaking opportunities
  • More speaking experienceless anxiety
  • Avoid stimulants
  • Eat and sleep enough
  • Deep breathing, activity andrelaxation may help

18
Practice the Presentation
  • Rehearse
  • Your emotional state
  • Transitions (this is where many speakers
    experience the most difficulty)
  • Introduction and Conclusion

19
Become Familiar With the Room
  • Messages are perceived betterin an attractive
    room
  • Check-out the sound systemand lighting
  • Become familiar with audiovisual (AV)
    technologies
  • Plan for water, pointer, etc.

20
Always Have A Back-Up Plan
  • What if the AV fails?
  • Have a lo-tech back-up
  • What if your available timeis diminished?
  • Eliminate sub-points
  • Dont speed rate
  • What if you misplace your speech?
  • Keep an extra copy, or quickly construct an
    outline

21
FAQs
  • What if I make a mistake?
  • Remember that most speakers make them
  • Correct it humor is ok
  • Move ahead
  • Dont apologize profusely or start over
  • How can I avoid saying Um?
  • Employ speaking transitions
  • Tolerate silence

22
FAQs
  • How can I slow down?
  • Pause between sections. Stop at the end of
    sentences. Underline key words.
  • Tape record your practice sessions and count the
    words per minute. Then, practice speaking at a
    deliberately slower rate to gain conscious
    control over rate.

23
FAQs
  • What about eye contact?
  • Dont bob your head up and down
  • Dont fix your gaze at one person
  • Look up at the end of a section, rather than lose
    your place, or train of thought
  • Face the audience, not your slides
  • Look more at friendly, supportive people
  • Dont favor one side of the room
  • Increased eye contact increases audience learning

24
FAQs
  • What do I do with my hands?
  • Dont play with your hair, clothes, objects or
    jingle money in your pockets
  • Dont worry about your gestures--they will emerge
    naturally
  • Keep your hands on or near the podium, or at your
    sides. Dont cross your arms, or clasp your hands
    in front of your body.

25
Audience QAs
  • Anticipate potential questions
  • Draft answers
  • Listen to the question
  • Read the emotion
  • Dont get defensive and never embarrass an
    audience member
  • Maintain an open and relaxed posture
  • Admit to not having an answer
  • I really cant speak to that I will refer that
    concern to.

26
Im glad this question came up,in a way, because
there are so many ways to answer it that one if
them is bound to be right. Robert Benchley I
was gratified to be able to answer promptly. I
said, I dont know. Mark Twain
27
In Closing
  • Speaking in public represents an opportunity to
    enhance knowledge, change attitudes, and promote
    action
  • Most importantly, strive to communicate with your
    audience and to meet their unique needs
  • The speaker has a responsibility to communicate
    publicly in an informed and ethical manner

28
Source
Cohn, E. Public Speaking,University of
PittsburghCenter for Instructional Development
Distance Education,Fifth Edition, January 2001.
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