The Fatal Fish and the Lovely Lake Nile Perch in Lake Victoria after 50 Years

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The Fatal Fish and the Lovely LakeNile Perch in
Lake Victoria after50 Years

• CASID/WID Seminar
• Craig K. Harris
• April 2005

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Lake Victoria FisheryFour Stages of Development

• Traditional Fishery Small Scale
• Intermediate Scale Fishery
• Large Scale Fishery
• Global Scale Fishery

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Lake Victoria FisheryFour Stages of Development

• Traditional Fishery Small Scale
• Intermediate Scale Fishery
• Large Scale Fishery
• Global Scale Fishery
• Scale is a proxy for . . .
• Biology and ecology
• Means of production and distribution
• Social relations of extraction, production,
  distribution, and exchange

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TRADITIONAL FISHERY -- SMALL SCALE
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TRADITIONAL FISHERY -- SMALL SCALE

• HARVESTING
• DUGOUT CANOES, CARVED PADDLES

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TRADITIONAL FISHERY -- SMALL SCALE

• HARVESTING
• DUGOUT CANOES, CARVED PADDLES
• SMALL NETS, BASKETS, HANDMADE, NATURAL FIBERS

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TRADITIONAL FISHERY -- SMALL SCALE

• HARVESTING
• DUGOUT CANOES, CARVED PADDLES
• SMALL NETS, HANDMADE, NATURAL FIBERS
• PROCESSING
• SUN-DRYING, SMOKING

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TRADITIONAL FISHERY -- SMALL SCALE

• HARVESTING
• DUGOUT CANOES, CARVED PADDLES
• SMALL NETS, HANDMADE, NATURAL FIBERS
• PROCESSING
• SUN-DRYING, SMOKING
• DISTRIBUTION
• FOOT TRANSPORTATION
• RELATIONS - EXTRACTION/PRODUCTION/EXCHANGE
• FAMILIAL

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SHIFT FROM TRADITIONAL TO INTERMEDIATE

• COLONIALISM
• FISH FOR INTERNAL CONSUMPTION
• RAILROAD CREWS
• PLANTATIONS
• URBANIZATION
• NAIROBI, ENTEBBE, KAMPALA, MWANZA

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high population densities around lake
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INTERMEDIATE SCALE

• HARVESTING
• PLANKED CANOES, SIMPLE SAILS

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INTERMEDIATE SCALE

• HARVESTING
• PLANKED CANOES, SIMPLE SAILS
• IRISH LINEN NETS (1905)
• PROCESSING
• SUN DRYING

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INTERMEDIATE SCALE

• HARVESTING
• PLANKED CANOES, SIMPLE SAILS
• IRISH LINEN NETS (1905)
• PROCESSING
• SUN DRYING
• KILNS FOR SMOKING

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INTERMEDIATE SCALE

• HARVESTING
• PLANKED CANOES, SIMPLE SAILS
• IRISH LINEN NETS (1905)
• PROCESSING
• SUN DRYING
• KILNS FOR SMOKING
• DISTRIBUTION
• BICYCLES TO INTERIOR

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INTERMEDIATE SCALE

• HARVESTING
• PLANKED CANOES, SIMPLE SAILS
• IRISH LINEN NETS (1905)
• PROCESSING
• KILNS FOR SMOKING
• DISTRIBUTION
• BICYCLES TO INTERIOR
• TRAIN TO LARGE CITIES
• RELATIONS - EXTRACTION/PRODUCTION/EXCHANGE
• COMMUNITY

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INTERMEDIATE SCALE

• HARVESTING
• PLANKED CANOES, SIMPLE SAILS
• IRISH LINEN NETS (1905)
• PROCESSING
• SUN DRYING, KILNS FOR SMOKING
• DISTRIBUTION
• BICYCLES TO INTERIOR
• TRAIN TO LARGE CITIES
• RELNS - EXTRACTION/PRODUCTION/EXCHANGE
• COMMUNITY
• CONSEQUENCES
• LOCAL DEPLETION OF TRADITIONAL FISH
• GROWING POPULATION HAPLOCHROMINES

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SHIFT FROM INTERMEDIATE TO LARGE-SCALE

• COLONIALISM
• REAL FISH FOR DINING

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SHIFT FROM INTERMEDIATE TO LARGE-SCALE

• COLONIALISM
• REAL FISH FOR DINING
• SPORT FISHERY

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Nile perch weigh-in Lake Victoria Sailing Club
Bulago Island Uganda
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SHIFT FROM INTERMEDIATE TO LARGE-SCALE

• COLONIALISM
• REAL FISH FOR DINING
• SPORT FISHERY
• URBANIZATION

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kampala
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nairobi
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mwanza
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kisumu
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SHIFT FROM INTERMEDIATE TO LARGE-SCALE

• COLONIALISM
• REAL FISH FOR DINING
• SPORT FISHERY
• URBANIZATION
• NEO-IMPERIALISM, NEO-COLONIALISM
• INVESTMENT IN INPUTS
• EXTRACTION
• INVESTMENT IN PROCESSING

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trimming of nile perch fillets, mwanza, tanzania
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SHIFT FROM INTERMEDIATE TO LARGE-SCALE

• COLONIALISM
• REAL FISH FOR DINING
• SPORT FISHERY
• URBANIZATION
• NEO-IMPERIALISM, NEO-COLONIALISM
• INVESTMENT IN INPUTS
• EXTRACTION
• INVESTMENT IN PROCESSING
• WORLD-SYSTEM
• FISH COMMODITY

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SHIFT FROM INTERMEDIATE TO LARGE-SCALE

• COLONIALISM
• REAL FISH FOR DINING
• SPORT FISHERY
• URBANIZATION
• NEO-IMPERIALISM, NEO-COLONIALISM
• INVESTMENT IN INPUTS
• EXTRACTION
• INVESTMENT IN PROCESSING
• WORLD-SYSTEM
• FISH COMMODITY
• INTRODUCTION OF NILE PERCH

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LARGE-SCALE FISHERY
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LARGE-SCALE FISHERY

• HARVESTING
• LARGER BOATS

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LARGE-SCALE FISHERY

• HARVESTING
• LARGER BOATS
• MOTORS

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LARGE-SCALE FISHERY

• HARVESTING
• LARGER BOATS
• MOTORS
• LONG NYLON NETS

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LARGE-SCALE FISHERY

• HARVESTING
• LARGER BOATS, MOTORS
• LONG NYLON NETS
• NYLON LINES, STEEL HOOKS
• PROCESSING

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LARGE-SCALE FISHERY

• HARVESTING
• LARGER BOATS, MOTORS
• LONG NYLON NETS
• NYLON LINES, STEEL HOOKS
• PROCESSING
• INDUSTRIAL PLANTS FOR CHILLING/FREEZING

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LARGE-SCALE FISHERY

• HARVESTING
• LARGER BOATS, MOTORS
• LONG NYLON NETS
• NYLON LINES, STEEL HOOKS
• PROCESSING
• INDUSTRIAL PLANTS FOR CHILLING/FREEZING
• ICE FOR STORGE AND TRANSPORT

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LARGE-SCALE FISHERY

• HARVESTING
• LARGER BOATS, MOTORS
• LONG NYLON NETS
• NYLON LINES, STEEL HOOKS
• PROCESSING
• INDUSTRIAL PLANTS FOR CHILLING/FREEZING
• ICE FOR STORGE AND TRANSPORT
• DISTRIBUTION

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LARGE-SCALE FISHERY

• HARVESTING
• LARGER BOATS, MOTORS
• LONG NYLON NETS
• NYLON LINES, STEEL HOOKS
• PROCESSING
• INDUSTRIAL PLANTS FOR CHILLING/FREEZING
• ICE FOR STORGE AND TRANSPORT
• DISTRIBUTION
• MOTOR BOATS TO COLLECT FISH

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LARGE-SCALE FISHERY

• HARVESTING
• LARGER BOATS, MOTORS
• LONG NYLON NETS
• NYLON LINES, STEEL HOOKS
• PROCESSING
• INDUSTRIAL PLANTS FOR CHILLING/FREEZING
• ICE FOR STORGE AND TRANSPORT
• DISTRIBUTION
• MOTOR BOATS TO COLLECT FISH
• REFRIGERATED TRUCKS

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GLOBAL-SCALE FISHERY

• HARVESTING
• LARGER BOATS, MOTORS
• LONG NYLON NETS
• NYLON LINES, STEEL HOOKS
• PROCESSING
• INDUSTRIAL PLANTS - CHILLING/FREEZING
• ICE FOR STORGE AND TRANSPORT
• DISTRIBUTION
• MOTOR BOATS TO COLLECT FISH
• REFRIGERATED TRUCKS
• MARKETING TO EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST, ASIA

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GLOBAL-SCALE FISHERY

• HARVESTING
• LARGER BOATS, MOTORS
• LONG NYLON NETS
• NYLON LINES, STEEL HOOKS
• PROCESSING
• INDUSTRIAL PLANTS - CHILLING/FREEZING
• ICE FOR STORGE AND TRANSPORT
• DISTRIBUTION
• MOTOR BOATS TO COLLECT FISH
• REFRIGERATED TRUCKS
• MARKETING TO EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST, ASIA
• SHIPS, AIRPLANES

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GLOBAL-SCALE FISHERY

• HARVESTING
• PROCESSING
• DISTRIBUTION
• RELATIONS OF EXTRACTION/ PRODUCTION/ EXCHANGE
• PURCHASE OF INPUTS
• OWNERSHIP BY NON-LOCALS, NON-FISHERS
• CAPITALISM
• BOATS
• PROCESSING PLANTS
• IMPERSONAL NATIONAL NETWORKS
• GLOBAL COMMODITY CHAINS

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GLOBAL-SCALE FISHERY

• HARVESTING
• PROCESSING
• DISTRIBUTION
• RELNS - EXTRACTION/PRODUCTION/EXCHANGE
• PURCHASE OF INPUTS
• OWNERSHIP BY NON-LOCALS, NON-FISHERS
• CAPITALISM
• BOATS
• PROCESSING PLANTS
• IMPERSONAL NATIONAL NETWORKS
• GLOBAL COMMODITY CHAINS

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GLOBAL-SCALE FISHERY

• HARVESTING
• PROCESSING
• DISTRIBUTION
• RELATIONS OF EXTRACTION/ PRODUCTION/ EXCHANGE
• PURCHASE OF INPUTS
• OWNERSHIP BY NON-LOCALS, NON-FISHERS
• CAPITALISM
• BOATS
• PROCESSING PLANTS
• IMPERSONAL NATIONAL NETWORKS
• GLOBAL COMMODITY CHAINS

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Table 1 Export utilisation of Nile perch catches
from Lake Victoria in 1994 (quantities in tonnes)
(Source FAO Fishery statistics)
 
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GLOBAL-SCALE FISHERY

• HARVESTING
• PROCESSING
• DISTRIBUTION
• RELATIONS OF EXTRACTION/ PRODUCTION/ EXCHANGE
• PURCHASE OF INPUTS
• OWNERSHIP BY NON-LOCALS, NON-FISHERS
• CAPITALISM
• BOATS
• PROCESSING PLANTS
• IMPERSONAL NATIONAL NETWORKS
• GLOBAL COMMODITY CHAINS

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GLOBAL-SCALE FISHERY

• HARVESTING
• PROCESSING
• DISTRIBUTION
• RELATIONS OF EXTRACTION/ PRODUCTION/ EXCHANGE
• BUT, IN THE SHADOW OF THE FACTORY . . .

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SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF NILE PERCH

• INDIVIDUAL AND HOUSEHOLD
• COMMUNITY AND ORGANIZATION
• NATIONAL
• INTERNATIONAL

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SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF NILE PERCH
INDIVIDUAL AND HOUSEHOLD

• INCOME
• ENTRY
• QUALITY OF WORKLIFE
• GEOGRAPHIC MOBILITY
• EMPLOYMENT
• CONSUMPTION
• HEALTH

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SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF NILE PERCH
COMMUNITY / ORGANIZATION

• AGGREGATE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
• COOPERATIVES
• DECREASE OF TRUST AND SOLIDARITY
• DECREASE OF LEADERSHIP
• DEFORESTATION
• FORMALIZED REGULATION
• LOCAL FISHERS COMMITTEES
• REGIONAL DEALERS ORGANIZATIONS
• NATIONAL PROCESSORS ORGANIZATIONS

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SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF NILE PERCH
NATIONAL LEVEL

• NOT EXPORT LED DEVELOPMENT
• FOREIGN EXCHANGE
• DEMAND FOR MANAGEMENT
• DECREASED FOOD SECURITY
• INCREASED DEPENDENCE

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SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF NILE PERCH
INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

• COMPETITION BETWEEN RIPARIAN NATIONS
• COOPERATION AMONG RIPARIAN NATIONS
• FOREIGN AID FOR DEVELOPMENT
• FOREIGN AID FOR MANAGEMENT
• REGIME FORMATION
• BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
• ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• BASIC HUMAN NEEDS

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SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF NILE PERCH
INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

• COMPETITION BETWEEN RIPARIAN NATIONS
• COOPERATION AMONG RIPARIAN NATIONS
• FOREIGN AID FOR DEVELOPMENT
• FOREIGN AID FOR MANAGEMENT
• REGIME FORMATION
• BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT

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SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF NILE PERCH
INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

• COMPETITION BETWEEN RIPARIAN NATIONS
• COOPERATION AMONG RIPARIAN NATIONS
• FOREIGN AID FOR DEVELOPMENT
• FOREIGN AID FOR MANAGEMENT
• REGIME FORMATION
• BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
• FALLING LAKE LEVELS

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SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF NILE PERCH
INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

• COMPETITION BETWEEN RIPARIAN NATIONS
• COOPERATION AMONG RIPARIAN NATIONS
• FOREIGN AID FOR DEVELOPMENT
• FOREIGN AID FOR MANAGEMENT
• REGIME FORMATION
• BIODIVERSITY
• ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• FISHERIES

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SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF NILE PERCH
INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

• COMPETITION BETWEEN RIPARIAN NATIONS
• COOPERATION AMONG RIPARIAN NATIONS
• FOREIGN AID FOR DEVELOPMENT
• FOREIGN AID FOR MANAGEMENT
• REGIME FORMATION
• BIODIVERSITY
• ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• FISHERIES
• TOURISM

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SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF NILE PERCH
INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

• COMPETITION BETWEEN RIPARIAN NATIONS
• COOPERATION AMONG RIPARIAN NATIONS
• FOREIGN AID FOR DEVELOPMENT
• FOREIGN AID FOR MANAGEMENT
• REGIME FORMATION
• BIODIVERSITY
• ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• BASIC HUMAN NEEDS

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NILE PERCH IN LAKE VICTORIA AFTER 50
YEARSSAVIOUR OR DISASTER

• DOMINANCE OF INTERNATIONAL TRADING FIRMS
• DOMINANCE OF FOREIGN SCIENCE
• PARTIAL TO DIFFERENT REGIMES
• PROPOSED PRIVATIZATION OF THE LAKE

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