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Guest Lecture: Computer-Assisted Language Learning

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Title: Guest Lecture: Computer-Assisted Language Learning


1
Guest Lecture Computer-Assisted Language
Learning
  • Matthew Kam
  • Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
    Sciences, and
  • Berkeley Institute of Design
  • University of California at Berkeley, USA

2
Relevance of ESL to Third World
  • English is a global language 1.2 to 1.5 billion
    people in gt170 countries (Crystal 1997)
  • ESL is sought after by fair proportion of
    low-income populations in Third World regions
    (e.g. Clegg, Ogange Rodseth 2003, Faust Nagar
    2001, Kapadia 2005)
  • Education medium of instruction in further
    education
  • Economic opportunities rural BPO, government,
    MNCs
  • Computer literacy 80 of Internet content
  • Social status membership in upper classes

3
Case for Out-of-School Learning
  • Schools in developing countries have limited
    impact
  • Shortage of qualified ESL teachers, communicated
    with us through interpreters
  • In India, non-attendees comprise 43 to 61 of
    school-going age children (Azim Premji Foundation
    2004, NFHS II and Tilak 2000).
  • 15 to 43 cite lack of interest in studies
  • 13 to 31 cite need to work in fields or home

4
Case for IT and Educational Games
  • Student motivation and learning (Jenkins 2005)
  • Videogames can incorporate good learning
    principles (Gee 2003)
  • Longitudinal randomized experiment 2 years,
    gt10,000 urban slums students in India (Banerjee
    et al. 2005)
  • Collaboration b/w MIT and the NGO Pratham
  • Played math computer games twice per week
  • Significant gains in math test scores

5
Krashens Influential Theory of L2 Acquisition
  • Acquisition-learning hypothesis
  • Natural order hypothesis
  • Monitor hypothesis
  • Comprehensible input hypothesis
  • Affective filter hypothesis

6
Panchatantra
  • Indian equivalent of Aesops Fables
  • Can be digitized into video clips
  • Demo (vocabulary teaching phase)
  • Demo (digital story phase)
  • Q is this acquisition or learning?

7
Ladybirds Key Word Reading Scheme
  • Peter and Jane series of books
  • Words are introduced and then repeated
  • 12 words make up ¼ of all English words that we
    read and write
  • 100 words make up ½ of all English words that we
    use in a normal day
  • 300 words make up ¾ of our verbal output

8
(No Transcript)
9
Krashens Influential Theory of L2 Acquisition
  • Acquisition-learning hypothesis
  • Natural order hypothesis
  • Monitor hypothesis
  • Comprehensible input hypothesis
  • Affective filter hypothesis

10
Discussion
  • Q What are some feasible sources of
    comprehensible input?
  • More experienced learners, i.e. Krashens idea of
    the handcrafted book

11
Special English
  • Demo
  • Reactions?
  • URL http//www.voanews.com/specialenglish/

12
Special English
  • Used in Voice of America radio broadcasts
  • Radio transmissions over low-frequency channels,
    or downloadable MP3 file accompanied by text
    transcript
  • 2/3 the speed of normal speech
  • Core vocabulary of 1,500 words

13
Discussion
  • Q Limitations with Voice of America broadcasts?

14
Paraphrasing Through Repetitions
  • Recall the Panchatantra digital stories?
  • SMIL - Synchronized Multimedia Integration
    Language
  • Benefits of vector-based graphics over static
    video clip for mobile devices
  • Storage efficiency
  • Randomization promotes replay value

15
Electronic Dictionary
  • Explanation using pictures, native language
    and/or target language
  • Audio pronunciation
  • Paper printout feature
  • Affordances of paper

16
Cameraphone Dictionary
  • Sp06 CS160 class project by Anand Raghavan et
    al.
  • Words are explained using photos from local
    contexts that student can relate to
  • Consistent with personalized dictionary approach
    by Project Pygmalion and others

17
Cameraphone Dictionary
  • Seed with high-frequency words
  • Voice of Americas Special English
  • TV and movie scripts
  • Project Gutenberg
  • Populate with definitions, etc. from Wiktionary

18
Vocabulary Teaching and Testing
  • Talk Now! Spanish from Topics Entertainment
  • Demo
  • Reactions?

19
Teaching for Transfer
RABBIT


20
Initiation-Reply Sequences
  • Tell Me More from Auralog
  • Demo
  • Any reactions?

21
Discussion
  • Q What are the limitations with this approach of
    language teaching?

22
Pimsleur Audio CDs
  • Demo (0000 to 0720)
  • Any reactions?

23
Paul Pimsleur
  • Four principles
  • Organic learning
  • Core vocabulary
  • Anticipation
  • Graduated interval recall
  • Implemented in the old days (1960s) using
    cassette tape technology

24
Pimsleur Generator
Text files
MP3 file
Pimsleur Generator
Female Hello. Male Hello Maam Female Are you
from India. Male Yes Im from India. Male Do
you understand Hindi? Female No, I dont
understand. Oh you understand English. Male Yes
I understand English. Female You understand very
well.
Audio files
Metadata
25
Reading Acquisition
Oral Language
Written Language
26
Phonics Instruction
  • Clifford The Big Red Dog from Scholastic
  • Demo

27
Phonics Instruction
  • Reader Rabbit

28
More Phonics Instruction
  • Reader Rabbit

29
BookBox
  • Commercial spin-off from Same Language Subtitling
  • Demo ( 7 minutes)
  • Q What are its strengths and limitations?

30
Simulated World
  • Who is Oscar Lake? from Language Publications
    Interactive
  • Demo
  • Others in this category include DARPAs Tactical
    Language Training System
  • Prohibitively expensive to develop

31
Summary
  • People learn a language through acquiring
    comprehensible input
  • Contextual inferencing
  • Extralinguistic context
  • Paraphrasing and repetitions
  • Challenge how can we create comprehensible input
    without incurring prohibitive content development
    costs?
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