Title: Emerald Ash Borer Detection Efforts: From Girdled Trees to Purple Traps
1Emerald Ash Borer Detection Efforts From
Girdled Trees to Purple Traps
2Therese M. Poland, Deborah G. McCullough, Deepa
Pureswaran, Cesar Rodriguez, Andrea Anulewicz,
and David Cappaert
3The Problem
- Early detection delimitation are virtually
impossible - Signs and symptoms do not appear for 1 years
after attack - By then adults may have spread
- New tools for detection are desperately needed!
4Trap Tree Studies
5(No Transcript)
62003 Trap Tree Study
3 Sites (6 reps/trt/site) Healthy ash Girdled
ash Hypo-hatchet herbicide ash 6 ft trap
logs green, white, black ash
72003 Results
8 2004 Trap Tree Study
Is it the wound itself or stress causedby
girdling that increases attraction?
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102004 Results
a
b
b
b
112005 Trap Tree Study Stress Agents and Trap Height
- Girdled
- Healthy
- Herbicide
- Methyl Jasmonate (stress hormone)
- 4 sites, 18 replicates total
- Half in open sites
- Half in closed canopy
122005 Trap Tree Study
Girdled open Girdled - closed
132005 Trap Tree Study
Herbicide open Herbicide - closed
142005 Trap Tree Study
Purple panel
High band
Low band
MeJA dispenser
Girdle
152005 Trap Tree Study
Methyl-Jasmonate bubble caps strungin
canopy 10 per tree
162005 Results
Mean number of EAB, 4 sites (N20)
bc
ab
a
b
b
b
172005 ResultsMean Number of EAB per Treeby Trap
Type
182005 Results
Open-grown trees are more attractive to EAB
2005
192006 Trap Tree Study
- 40 Replicates of 4 treatments at 4 sites
- Control untreated ash trees
- Girdled ash trees
- Ash trees with 6 Manuka oil clusters on trunk
- Ash trees exposed to 20 MeJA bubble caps in
canopy
202006 Results
Mean Number of EAB, 4 Sites (N40)
a
b
b
b
a
b
b
b
212006 Results
Open-grown trees are more attractive to EAB
2006
22Trap Tree Studies Conclusions
- 5 years , 122 replicates
- 14 field sites (variable EAB populations tree
shading) - Girdled trees consistently the best treatment
- Girdled trees captured significantly more EAB
than healthy trees (approx. 10x) at low density
sites - Larval densities were significantly higher in
girdled than healthy trees - Low sticky bands caught as many or more EAB as
high bands or traps in the canopy - Open-grown trees catch more EAB
23Analysis of Ash Volatiles to Identify Attractants
for EAB
24Volatile Collection
- Insect feeding damage 10 EAB in screen
cages for 5 days - Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) stress hormone spray
50ml of 0.03 solution - Mechanical damage 20 of leaf area removed
with scissors - Healthy control
25Insect Damage
E-B-ocimene
nonatriene
linalool
Z-3hexenylacetate
indolizine
Methyl Jasmonate
E,E-a-farnesene
Control
Retention Time (min)
26E,E-a-farnesene
Z3-hexenyl acetate
nonatriene
linalool
E2-hexenal
Quantity of volatile (ng/g/h SE)
Z3-hexenol
Eb-ocimene
Z-jasmone
3-Methylbutyl- aldoxime
indole
2-methylbutyl-aldoxime
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24
Compound Number
27EAB Antennal Responses
FID
nonatriene
hexenal
E2methylbutyl- aldoxime
E,E-a-farnesene
Z3-hexenyl- acetate
linalool
hexenol
Z3-hexenol Z3methylbutylaldoxime
Eb-ocimene
GC-EAD
28EAB Antennal Dose Response Profiles
Males
Females
EAG Amplitude (mV SEM)
2-Methyl- butylaldoxime
Cartridge Dosage
29EAB Antennal Dose Response Profiles
Males
Females
EAG Amplitude (mV SEM)
(Z)-jasmone
Cartridge Dosage
30Attraction of EAB to Stressed or HealthyAsh
Seedlings in Olfactometer Bioassay
No Choice
N
Clean Air
Treatment
52
55.7
Insect Damage
38
23.6
n.s.
32
21.8
MeJA
41
29.3
n.s.
57
44.0
n.s.
Healthy
30
26.7
n.s.
Clean Air
77
36.4
n.s.
100
75
50
25
0
25
50
75
100
Percent Response
31Field Trapping Studies
32a
ab
ab
b
b
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34A Multi-Component Trap for EAB
- Overall Visual Silhouette
- 10 tall pole simulates tree bole
- Panels simulate tree crown
- Purple color is attractive to EAB
- Traps in sunny open locations
Top panel baited with Leaf Blend
Bottom panel baited with Bark Blend
35- Highly apparent placement may reduce competition
between trap nearby ash trees - Can install traps along roadsides, in open areas
or just outside forested area - Logistically simple efficient to monitor
36Experimental Design - 2006
- 6 Field Sites
- 40 Replicates (5-10 per site)
- 4 Treatments
- Leaf Blend Bark Blend Texture
- Leaf Blend Texture
- Bark Blend Texture
- Leaf Blend Bark Blend
37Trapping Results - 2006
- Captured 4,060 EAB
- Leaving off Leaf Blend reduced attraction
- Leaving off Bark Blend or Texture did not reduce
attraction
38Experimental Design - 2007
8 sites moderate to very low EAB densities
forest edge, roadside, open field 2 - 7 blocks
per site, 31 traps per treatment
- 5 Treatments
- DD no lures
- DD Leaf Manuka
- DD Leaf Manuka Extracts
- Tower Leaf Bark Extracts
- Single Leaf Bark Extracts
39Kellogg Forest EAB Detection Site
EAB not known to be present 4 EAB caught on
DD-LM trap 28 Jun, 11 July, 17 July No EAB
adults or larvae on 2 girdled trees 150 m away
40Conclusions
- Girdled trees are consistently the most
attractive trap trees - Girdled trap trees and purple traps can catch EAB
at low-density sites and can detect new
infestations - Purple traps are more attractive than green traps
- Baited traps are more attractive than unbaited
traps - Large silhouette traps at the ground are at least
as attractive or more attractive than canopy
traps - Double decker traps are more attractive than
single panel or tower traps
41Using traps operationally - Issues to consider
- Pestick was re-applied after heavy rain(s).
- Traps need to be checked fairly often (e.g. 2 wk
intervals?) or beetles may fall off. - Accumulation of flies (esp. green traps) or other
insects may require panel to be scraped
Pestick re-applied.
42Acknowledgements MSU Kaeli Chambers, Tara Dell,
Erin Burkett, Chenin Limbach, Bob McDonald, Ben
Schmidt, James Wieferich US Forest Service
Stephen Burr, Alison Wroblewski, Tina Kuhn, Toby
Petrice Funding USDA Forest Service
MSUs Project
GREEEN