Emerald Ash Borer Detection Efforts: From Girdled Trees to Purple Traps - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Emerald Ash Borer Detection Efforts: From Girdled Trees to Purple Traps

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Title: Emerald Ash Borer Detection Efforts: From Girdled Trees to Purple Traps


1
Emerald Ash Borer Detection Efforts From
Girdled Trees to Purple Traps
2
Therese M. Poland, Deborah G. McCullough, Deepa
Pureswaran, Cesar Rodriguez, Andrea Anulewicz,
and David Cappaert
3
The Problem
  • Early detection delimitation are virtually
    impossible
  • Signs and symptoms do not appear for 1 years
    after attack
  • By then adults may have spread
  • New tools for detection are desperately needed!

4
Trap Tree Studies
5
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6
2003 Trap Tree Study
3 Sites (6 reps/trt/site) Healthy ash Girdled
ash Hypo-hatchet herbicide ash 6 ft trap
logs green, white, black ash
7
2003 Results
8
2004 Trap Tree Study
Is it the wound itself or stress causedby
girdling that increases attraction?
9
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10
2004 Results
a
b
b
b
11
2005 Trap Tree Study Stress Agents and Trap Height
  • Girdled
  • Healthy
  • Herbicide
  • Methyl Jasmonate (stress hormone)
  • 4 sites, 18 replicates total
  • Half in open sites
  • Half in closed canopy

12
2005 Trap Tree Study
Girdled open Girdled - closed
13
2005 Trap Tree Study
Herbicide open Herbicide - closed
14
2005 Trap Tree Study
Purple panel
High band
Low band
MeJA dispenser
Girdle
15
2005 Trap Tree Study
Methyl-Jasmonate bubble caps strungin
canopy 10 per tree
16
2005 Results
Mean number of EAB, 4 sites (N20)
bc
ab
a
b
b
b
17
2005 ResultsMean Number of EAB per Treeby Trap
Type
18
2005 Results
Open-grown trees are more attractive to EAB
2005
19
2006 Trap Tree Study
  • 40 Replicates of 4 treatments at 4 sites
  • Control untreated ash trees
  • Girdled ash trees
  • Ash trees with 6 Manuka oil clusters on trunk
  • Ash trees exposed to 20 MeJA bubble caps in
    canopy

20
2006 Results
Mean Number of EAB, 4 Sites (N40)
a
b
b
b
a
b
b
b
21
2006 Results
Open-grown trees are more attractive to EAB
2006
22
Trap Tree Studies Conclusions
  • 5 years , 122 replicates
  • 14 field sites (variable EAB populations tree
    shading)
  • Girdled trees consistently the best treatment
  • Girdled trees captured significantly more EAB
    than healthy trees (approx. 10x) at low density
    sites
  • Larval densities were significantly higher in
    girdled than healthy trees
  • Low sticky bands caught as many or more EAB as
    high bands or traps in the canopy
  • Open-grown trees catch more EAB

23
Analysis of Ash Volatiles to Identify Attractants
for EAB
24
Volatile Collection
  • Insect feeding damage 10 EAB in screen
    cages for 5 days
  • Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) stress hormone spray
    50ml of 0.03 solution
  • Mechanical damage 20 of leaf area removed
    with scissors
  • Healthy control

25
Insect Damage
E-B-ocimene
nonatriene
linalool
Z-3hexenylacetate
indolizine
Methyl Jasmonate
E,E-a-farnesene
Control
Retention Time (min)
26
E,E-a-farnesene
Z3-hexenyl acetate
nonatriene
linalool
E2-hexenal
Quantity of volatile (ng/g/h SE)
Z3-hexenol
Eb-ocimene
Z-jasmone
3-Methylbutyl- aldoxime
indole
2-methylbutyl-aldoxime
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24
Compound Number
27
EAB Antennal Responses
FID
nonatriene
hexenal
E2methylbutyl- aldoxime
E,E-a-farnesene
Z3-hexenyl- acetate
linalool
hexenol
Z3-hexenol Z3methylbutylaldoxime
Eb-ocimene
GC-EAD
28
EAB Antennal Dose Response Profiles






Males


Females





EAG Amplitude (mV SEM)


2-Methyl- butylaldoxime



Cartridge Dosage
29
EAB Antennal Dose Response Profiles
Males

Females




EAG Amplitude (mV SEM)
(Z)-jasmone
Cartridge Dosage
30
Attraction of EAB to Stressed or HealthyAsh
Seedlings in Olfactometer Bioassay
No Choice
N
Clean Air
Treatment

52
55.7
Insect Damage
38
23.6
n.s.

32
21.8
MeJA
41
29.3
n.s.
57
44.0
n.s.
Healthy
30
26.7
n.s.
Clean Air
77
36.4
n.s.
100
75
50
25
0
25
50
75
100
Percent Response
31
Field Trapping Studies
32
a
ab
ab
b
b
33
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34
A Multi-Component Trap for EAB
  • Overall Visual Silhouette
  • 10 tall pole simulates tree bole
  • Panels simulate tree crown
  • Purple color is attractive to EAB
  • Traps in sunny open locations

Top panel baited with Leaf Blend
Bottom panel baited with Bark Blend
35
  • Highly apparent placement may reduce competition
    between trap nearby ash trees
  • Can install traps along roadsides, in open areas
    or just outside forested area
  • Logistically simple efficient to monitor

36
Experimental Design - 2006
  • 6 Field Sites
  • 40 Replicates (5-10 per site)
  • 4 Treatments
  • Leaf Blend Bark Blend Texture
  • Leaf Blend Texture
  • Bark Blend Texture
  • Leaf Blend Bark Blend

37
Trapping Results - 2006
  • Captured 4,060 EAB
  • Leaving off Leaf Blend reduced attraction
  • Leaving off Bark Blend or Texture did not reduce
    attraction

38
Experimental Design - 2007
8 sites moderate to very low EAB densities
forest edge, roadside, open field 2 - 7 blocks
per site, 31 traps per treatment
  • 5 Treatments
  • DD no lures
  • DD Leaf Manuka
  • DD Leaf Manuka Extracts
  • Tower Leaf Bark Extracts
  • Single Leaf Bark Extracts

39
Kellogg Forest EAB Detection Site
EAB not known to be present 4 EAB caught on
DD-LM trap 28 Jun, 11 July, 17 July No EAB
adults or larvae on 2 girdled trees 150 m away
40
Conclusions
  • Girdled trees are consistently the most
    attractive trap trees
  • Girdled trap trees and purple traps can catch EAB
    at low-density sites and can detect new
    infestations
  • Purple traps are more attractive than green traps
  • Baited traps are more attractive than unbaited
    traps
  • Large silhouette traps at the ground are at least
    as attractive or more attractive than canopy
    traps
  • Double decker traps are more attractive than
    single panel or tower traps

41
Using traps operationally - Issues to consider
  • Pestick was re-applied after heavy rain(s).
  • Traps need to be checked fairly often (e.g. 2 wk
    intervals?) or beetles may fall off.
  • Accumulation of flies (esp. green traps) or other
    insects may require panel to be scraped
    Pestick re-applied.

42
Acknowledgements MSU Kaeli Chambers, Tara Dell,
Erin Burkett, Chenin Limbach, Bob McDonald, Ben
Schmidt, James Wieferich US Forest Service
Stephen Burr, Alison Wroblewski, Tina Kuhn, Toby
Petrice Funding USDA Forest Service
MSUs Project
GREEEN
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