Instrumentation - making

1
Instrumentation - making detecting x-rays
Read Roe - Chap 2 through 2.5.1 (ignore neutrons)
2
Instrumentation - making x-rays
'Laboratory x-ray tubes - rotating anodes Same
mechanism for x-ray production - different anode
setup
3
Instrumentation - making x-rays
'Laboratory x-ray tubes - rotating anodes Same
mechanism for x-ray production - different anode
setup Focal spot spread out over
cylinder surface Tube power up to 20X that of
Coolidge tube
4
Instrumentation - making x-rays
Synchrotron Electrons or positrons injected
into ring
5
Instrumentation - making x-rays
Synchrotron Electrons or positrons injected
into ring Where charged particle stream is bent,
x-rays are emitted
6
Instrumentation - making x-rays
Synchrotron Electrons or positrons injected
into ring Where charged particle stream is bent,
x-rays are emitted X-ray beam extremely
bright very tiny low divergence - lt
milliradian in ring plane
7
Instrumentation - making x-rays
Synchrotron Electrons or positrons injected
into ring Where charged particle stream is bent,
x-rays are emitted X-ray beam extremely
bright very tiny low divergence - lt
milliradian broad spectrum in ring plane
8
Instrumentation - making x-rays
Synchrotron Electrons or positrons injected
into ring Where charged particle stream is bent,
x-rays are emitted X-ray beam extremely
bright very tiny low divergence - lt
milliradian broad spectrum in ring
plane Can choose any ? in 0.1-10 Å using
incident beam monochromator Monochromator often
focusing type
9
Instrumentation - making x-rays
Synchrotron Electrons or positrons injected
into ring Where charged particle stream is bent,
x-rays are emitted X-ray beam extremely
bright very tiny low divergence - lt
milliradian broad spectrum in ring
plane Can choose any ? in 0.1-10 Å using
incident beam monochromator Monochromator often
focusing type Can tune ? for absorption by
specific atoms in specimen
10
Instrumentation - making x-rays
Synchrotron
11
Instrumentation - making x-rays
Synchrotron
12
Instrumentation - making x-rays
Synchrotron
13
Instrumentation - x-ray detectors
Point - requires scan Scintillation
counter x-rays converted to light
14
Instrumentation - x-ray detectors
Point - requires scan Scintillation
counter x-rays converted to light Solid state
(SiLi) detector x-rays gt electron- hole pairs
15
Instrumentation - x-ray detectors
Point - requires scan Scintillation
counter x-rays converted to light Solid state
(SiLi) detector x-rays gt electron- hole
pairs very high resolution very low
noise dead time problem liq N2 temp required
16
Instrumentation - x-ray detectors
Linear - may require scan, depending on
instrument
17
Instrumentation - x-ray detectors
Area Film - old technology still used,
especially Polaroid
18
Instrumentation - x-ray detectors
Area Film - old technology still used,
especially Polaroid CCD
19
Instrumentation - x-ray detectors
Area Film - old technology still used,
especially Polaroid CCD Multiwire
20
Instrumentation - x-ray detectors
Area Film - old technology still used,
especially Polaroid CCD Multiwire Image
plates (BaBrFEu2)
21
Instrumentation - x-ray detectors
Area Film - old technology still used,
especially Polaroid CCD Multiwire Image
plates (BaBrFEu2)
22
Instrumentation - x-ray detectors
Area Film - old technology still used,
especially Polaroid CCD Multiwire Image
plates (BaBrFEu2)