Kidney Diseases

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Kidney Diseases
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What is the kidney?

• The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each
  about the size of a fist. They are located in the
  middle of the back, just below the rib cage, on
  either side of the spine.

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What do the kidneys do?

• The kidneys are vital organs that regulate
  composition of the blood
• Keep the blood clean and chemically balanced
• Keep the volume of water in the body constant
• Remove wastes from the body

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What do the kidneys do?

• They help regulate blood pressure
• Stimulate the making of red blood cells
• Maintain the bodys calcium level

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Urine

• When kidneys are healthy, the artery (AR-ter-ee)
  brings blood and waste from the bloodstream into
  the kidney.
• Kidneys clean the blood. Then waste and extra
  fluid go out into the urine through the ureter.
• Clean blood leaves the kidney and goes back into
  the bloodstream through the vein.

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What are the signs of kidney disease?

• During early stages of kidney
• disease, the patient may
• not feel sick
• or feel anything at all

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What are the signs of kidney disease?

• If kidney disease gets worse, the patient may
  experience

Blood in urine
Cloudy or foamy urine
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What are the signs of kidney disease?

• If kidney disease gets worse, the patient may
  experience

Puffiness of eyelids
Swelling of hands or feet
Itching
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What are the signs of kidney disease?

• If kidney disease gets worse, the patient may
  experience

Feeling tired
Drowsiness or have trouble concentrating
Loss of appetite
vomiting
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Am I at risk for kidney diseases

• Do I have diabetes?

• Have I been told to have
• protein in the urine

• Do I have a family history
• of kidney diseases?

• Do I have high blood
• pressure?

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What medical tests will my doctor use to detect
kidney disease?

• Since you can have kidney disease without any
  symptoms, your doctor may first detect the
  condition through routine blood and urine tests.

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• The National Kidney Foundation recommends three
  simple tests to screen for kidney disease
• a blood pressure measurement
• a spot check for protein or albumin in the urine
  (proteinuria)
• a calculation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
  based on a serum creatinine measurement.

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What can I do about kidney disease?

• Unfortunately, chronic kidney disease often
  cannot be cured. But if you are in the early
  stages of a kidney disease, you may be able to
  make your kidneys last longer by taking certain
  steps.
• You will also want to be sure that risks for
  heart attack and stroke are minimized, since
  patients with kidney disease are susceptible to
  these problems.

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Steps to make your kidneys last longer

• If you have diabetes, watch your blood glucose
  closely to keep it under control. Consult your
  doctor for the latest in treatment.
• Avoid pain pills that may make your kidney
  disease worse. Check with your doctor before
  taking any medicine.

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Steps to make your kidneys last longer

• Keeping blood pressure under control helps to
  keep your kidneys healthy.

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What happens if my kidneys fail?

• One way to treat kidney failure is with dialysis.
  
• Dialysis is a treatment that does the work your
  kidneys used to do.
• Dialysis is a treatment that takes waste products
  and extra fluid out of your body.
• There are two types of dialysis.

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Hemodialysis

• In hemodialysis, your blood flows through a tube
  from your arm to a machine that filters out the
  waste products and extra fluid. The clean blood
  flows back to your arm.

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Peritoneal dialysis

• In peritoneal dialysis, your belly is filled with
  a special fluid. The fluid collects waste
  products and extra water from your blood. Then
  the fluid is drained from your belly and thrown
  away.

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• Another way to treat kidney failure is to do
  kidney transplantation.
• A donated kidney may come from an anonymous donor
  who has recently died or from a living person,
  usually a relative.
• The kidney that you receive must be a good match
  for your body.

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What should I do to stay healthy?

• Follow the healthy eating plan that you and your
  doctor or dietitian have worked out.
• Limit intake of salt

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What should I do to stay healthy?

• Be active a total of 30 minutes most days. Ask
  your doctor what activities are best for you.

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What should I do to stay healthy?

• Take your prescribed medicines as directed.
• Avoid taking pain pills regularly and other
  unprescribed medicines.
• Check with your doctor before taking any medicines

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What should I do to stay healthy?

• Control your blood pressure and cholesterol

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What should I do to stay healthy?

• Don't smoke.

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What should I do to stay healthy?

• See a doctor for bladder or kidney infections
  right away. You may have an infection if you have
  these symptoms
• pain or burning when you urinate
• frequent urge to go to the bathroom
• urine that looks cloudy or reddish
• fever or a shaky feeling
• pain in your back or on your side below your ribs

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Remember!
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The following should raise suspicion of kidney
disease

• Swelling of legs and puffy eyelids
• High blood pressure (esp. in young)
• Waking up at night to urinate
• Painful urination
• Painless blood in the urine
• Sandy material in the urine
• Colicky pain in the flank area - foamy urine

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Ways of preventing kidney disease

• 1. Keep your blood pressure normal
• 2. Know your family history - anyone in family on
  dialysis - Diabetes - Hypertension - Gout -
  Passage of stone
• 3. Maintain a healthy diet
• 4. Control your weight

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The Philippine College of Physicians wishes to
acknowledge the following for her invaluable
efforts in the preparation of this module

• Ruth Lampa, MD