Wardhaugh 9 and 10 Words and Culture and Ethnographies also My Fair Lady and short discussion of Nettle and Romaine (Essay and short answer final not Scantron) 3/5 id cards? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Wardhaugh 9 and 10 Words and Culture and Ethnographies also My Fair Lady and short discussion of Nettle and Romaine (Essay and short answer final not Scantron) 3/5 id cards?

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Title: Wardhaugh 9 and 10 Words and Culture and Ethnographies also My Fair Lady and short discussion of Nettle and Romaine (Essay and short answer final not Scantron) 3/5 id cards?


1
Wardhaugh 9 and 10Words and Culture and
Ethnographiesalso My Fair Lady and short
discussion of Nettle and Romaine(Essay and short
answer final not Scantron)3/5 id cards?
2
Whorfian hypothesis
  • We cannot talk at all except by subscribing to
    the organization and classification of data which
    the agreement decrees
  • Language determines/constrains thought
  • Wrong! Children, feral children, deaf people who
    never learned language. They can all think!
  • Pinker, (The Language Instinct 1994, 59-61) rips
    Whorf a new one.

3
Language and Thought
  • Universal grammar
  • Universals of human culture and language
  • http//condor.depaul.edu/mfiddler/hyphen/humunive
    rs.htm
  • But where might Whorf and his teacher Sapir have
    been right about a connection between language
    and culture?
  • Do bilinguals think their languages structure the
    world differently? Are they right? Aesthetics?
    Why preserve endangered languages?

4
abstraction in speech thoughtactions under
self-control distinguished from those not under
controlaestheticsaffection expressed and
feltage gradesage statusesage terms
5
ambivalenceanthropomorphizationanticipationa
ntonymsattachmentbaby talkbelief in
supernatural/religion
6
kin, close distinguished from distantkin
groupskin terms translatable by basic relations
of procreationkinship statuses
7
languagelanguage employed to manipulate
otherslanguage employed to misinform or
misleadlanguage is translatablelanguage not a
simple reflection of realitylanguage, prestige
from proficient use of
8
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9
Kinship
  • Kinship terms are a universal feature of human
    language. Some systems are much richer than
    others, but all make use of such factors as
    gender, age, generation, blood, and marriage in
    their organization
  • Very difficult to get an exhaustive description
  • As social conditions change, we can expect
    kinship systems to change to reflect the new
    conditions (Wardhaugh 228)

10
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12
Discussion question 4. p. 230
  • If a language uses a term equivalent to English
    mother to cover MoSi, MoBrDa, and MoBrSiDa, and a
    term equivalent to English sister to over FaBrDa,
    FaFaSi, and FaSi, what hypotheses might you be
    tempted to make concerning differences between
    the family structure of speakers of such a
    language and your won family structure?

13
What family terms do you use? Father, dad,
mother, mom? Do you use these terms or do you
know anyone who uses these terms to refer to
people other than their natural parents? What
else might Dad or Mother be used to mean? Papa in
Old Irish, for example, referred to the
foster-father rather than to the father. If you
meet a randy old British man at a restaurant and
he introduces you to his niece, an attractive
young woman who is dining with him, what might
you assume their actual relationship is?
14
Taxonomies, colors, race, and racism. Is racism
wrong because it is immoral or because it is a
categorical mistake? Both? What is the
connection?Are racists poorly informed or
evil?Are taxonomies and colors relative?What
about societies that think of neighboring tribes
as non-human because of their language, color,
dress, etc?Color and ethnicity and language?
15
Larry Summers at HarvardWardhaugh 2351. Try
to account for the often reported finding that,
for English at least, males usually display less
ability than females in dealing with matters
having to do with color, including the actual use
of color terminology.2. What are some of the
more esoteric color designations you have
enountered reently? Where did you find them? Who
used htem? What appears to be their purpose3.
Two other naturally occuring phenomena capable of
sub-division are years and days. How is each
divided?
16
Taboo and Euphemism
  • Definitions and etymologies
  • Savants, peace-keepers, sanitation worker,
    administrative assistant
  • Political correctness?
  • Sex, death, etc
  • Watch for uses of Bloody in MFL what does
    bloody mean?

17
Look at pages 254-5 in WardhaughActive
listening
18
Things to look out for in MFL
  • Count the number of accents you hear
  • What is wrong with Higginss categorization of
    phonology?
  • Does the film depict different registers for the
    same speaker in different situations? Examples?
  • Does Higgins have cultural know-how? Is he a
    sociolinguist? Why or why not?
  • Is Elizas claim of being linguistically ruined
    by Higgins tenable?
  • Question 2 Wardhaugh page 245

19
After breakVanishing Voices
  • What is language death?
  • Why is it a tragedy? Why is it not a tragedy?
  • What is the strongest argument in the book for
    trying to maintain linguistic diversity?
  • Why do languages die? Suicide? Murder?
  • Is it more like moving house, getting a new
    computer? What about computer languages?

20
Endangered languages
  • Like the miners canary where languages are in
    danger, it is a sign of enviromental stress. (Is
    there a necessary connection here or an
    incidental one?)
  • Language is what made everything possible for us.
  • Each language has its own window on the world? P.
    14. Whorfian?
  • Every people has the right to its language. And
    the right to give it up?
  • Passive construction at end of p. 15. Who or what
    is destroying rain forests and languages?
    Capitalism? Natural selection?

21
More from Vanishing Voices
  • The next great steps in the scientific
    development may lie locked up in some obscure
    language in a rain forest 16. Not very likely
    though.
  • How much biological information, and of what
    sort, would be passed down via oral culture?
  • Practical and scientific/industrial or
    aesthetic/academic reasons for preserving and
    studying dead and dying languages? A combination?

22
More from Vanishing Voices
  • Multilingualism good monolingualism bad? Vice
    versa?
  • Diversity an absolute good?
  • Violence in Wales 20? Murder?
  • Is linguistic assimilation usually coerced or
    voluntary?
  • Ethnic and religious concerns mitigate against
    linguistic assimilation. Hebrew reborn.

23
Political boundaries artificial are
linguistic/cultural boundaries natural is
natural better than artificial?Linguistic
chauvanism in IrelandThe Celtic tiger vs Celtic
culture a nation that incorporates cultural
and linguistic diversity is also richer than one
that denies its existence 23. Japan is poor?
24
More Questions for the authorsOppression of
women in some of these diverse linguistic
cultures is okay?What if the endangered
languages are structurally racist/sexist? Is that
even possible?If language culture does world
language EnglishAmericas have 150 of the
worlds 249 stocks of language, but only a few
people populated Americas after they arrived via
the icebridge? Why relatively few stocks in
Africa? Is dialect death as tragic to Nettles
as language death? Why not?Why did the Sami
leave the Arctic? Enviornmental damage? Why else?
25
Read from Chapter 9 of C.S. Lewiss Out of the
Silent Planetp. 53
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