Diapositiva 1

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III Taller Contaminación Atmosférica vs
Desarrollo Sostenible 2008 STUDIES OF
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION BY PARTICLE USING THE PIXE
TECHNIQUE"  
IAEA ARCAL Project RLA/7/ 011, ARCAL LXXX
ASSESSMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS BY
PARTICLES (2005-2007)
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STAFF M.C. J. Grizel Pérez Zayas, Project Leader
(CEADEN) M.C. Ibrahin Piñera Hernández
(CEADEN) Lic. Maridelin Ramos Aruca (CEADEN)M.C.
Miriam Martínez Varona (INHEM) Tec. Ariadna
Fernandez Arocha (INHEM) Ing. Rolando Guibert
Gala (CEADEN) Dr. Enrique Molina Esquivel
(INHEM)INSTITUTIONSPhysic Department, Center
of Technological Application and Nuclear
Development (CEADEN) Atmospheric Pollutants
Laboratory, National Institute of Hygiene,
Epidemiology and Microbiology (INHEM)
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General Objectives To impel the research in
the field of monitoring air pollution with
emphasis on particles. sample collection of
airborne particulate matter (including course and
fine) simultaneously. The use of nuclear
technology to characterize airborne particulate
matter.
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Anàlisis elementalXRF y TXRF - Fluorescencia de
Rayos X y reflexión total XRF AAS y AES -
espectrometria de absorcion atomica y por
emision,ICP- AES (MS) - espectrometria por
emisiòn (ò de masa) en plasma,NA - analisis
por activacion con neutrones,IC - cromotografia
ionica,  y las tecnicas de analisis con haces
ionicos, tales como PIXE - emisión de rayos X
inducido por partículas,PIGE - emisión de rayos
gamma inducido por partículas, RBS -
espectrometria por retrodispersion de
RutherfordPESA - analisis por la dispersion
elastica de protones,
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PIXE es el método idóneo y recomendado para el
estudio de material particulado (PM10 Y PM2.5)
de contaminantes atmosféricos provenientes del
aire.El método PIXE es un método que se basa
esencialmente en la espectroscopia de rayos X.
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Caracteristicas principales Es un método que
permite un rápido y simultáneo análisis de todos
los elementos con un No atómico mayor de 11 (gt
Al). Es un método altamente sensible.  Es
posible determinar en este tipo de muestra hasta
1 ng de un elemento por m3 de aire.  Su alta
sensibilidad es constante sobre todo el rango
elemental de análisis, siendo esta una de las
características que más lo distingue sobre otras
técnicas analíticas que se utilizan en este tipo
de estudio.  PIXE requiere solamente de
pequeñas cantidades de material para realizar un
análisis, con un limite inferior de ng/cm2.  Y
es una técnica no-destructiva.
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Accelerator Tandetron, PIXE Analysis Lab. ININ,
Mexico
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Samples preparation
Microbalance Cahn C-35 Resolution 0.1 µg
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Localization of the sampling place
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Infanta Ave. Manglar, Centro Habana, Havana
City, Cuba. Urban site with high traffic and
densely populated 23.12 N 82.4 W
Environmental Monitoring Station
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INHEM
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Possible contamination sites
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sampling site
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SAMPLING CAMPAING
November 14, 2006 to April, 2007. Total 5 months.
Every second day with 24 hours duration.
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Equipment and supplies received CUBA received
an Air Sampler type GENT from (Enviro Care -
Chile) with stacked filter unit for collecting
the aerosol in two size fraction (PM2,5 and
PM10) simultaneously
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Environmental Monitoreo Station in the INHEM .
continuous air monitoring (24 hours daily) SO2,
NO2 . Total Particulate Material (PST),
Sedimentable and PM10  Sampler type HSPH
(Harvard Impactors) (flux of 4 L/min) Filters
type for PM10 and PST glass fiber This samples
are gravimetrically analyzed, determining
concentrations (µg/m3).
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Results
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Type de filters used Polycarbonate membrane
filters (Nucleopore), 47 mm diameter, with 8µm
pore size to collect coarse particles and 0.4µm
pore size to collect fine particles.   No. of
samples collected in the period of sampling Were
collected 144 filters, 72 filters of Nucleopore
in fine mode and 72 filtres of Nucleopore in
coarse mode.
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Gravimetry
u
u
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14 elements were consistently detected in the
samples
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Spectra analisys
Softwares for spectra processing AXIL
WINAXIL_4.5.3
Were detected 14 elements
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AZUFRE
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CONCLUSIONS

• For Cuba, the implementation of this project
  provided for the first time the opportunity to
  gather data and characterization of PM2,5.
• The project confirmed the usefulness of nuclear
  analytical techniques to generate multielemental
  data to the end user institutions and we can
  expect that they will utilize the analytical
  capabilities in future projects/programs related
  to air pollution monitoring and control.
• The project promoted the collaboration between
  national institution and scientist of the
  different Laboratories.

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Thanks to the Staff...
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THANKS !!!