Captulo 12: gramtica I

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Capítulo 12 gramática I

• El subjuntivo con verbos y frases de emoción,
  opinión y recomendación

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What to do?

• As you read this presentation you will be asked
  to do several tasks.
• Have some paper ready to complete these tasks in
  written form.
• Bring this work to class on Thursday!

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What you already know about the subjunctive mood

• Its not a tense, i.e. does not refer to time,
  rather it is a mood.
• You have learned the present tense of the
  subjunctive.
• The present subjunctive is used only in special
  cases.

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When to use the subjunctive mood

• When you have a sentence made up of two phrases,
  joined together by que.
• When the subject of the first phrase is different
  from the subject of the second phrase.
• When in the first phrase there is a key verb or
  phrase to provoke the use of the subjunctive.

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When to use the subjunctive mood

• So far, you have learned about verbs of volition
  or persuasion
• those verbs where someone is imposing their will
  on someone or something else
• recomendar, querer, preferir, prohibir, insistir
  en que,
• Juan recomienda que nosotros vayamos de
  vacaciones este mes.
• Read the sentence above and write down your
  answers to the following questions
• What is the subjunctive form used in the above
  sentence?
• What is the verb that this form comes from?
• What are the three reasons why the subjunctive
  form is used in this sentence?

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More instances to use the subjunctive

• In this chapter you will learn of more contexts
  when the present subjunctive verb form is
  required.
• I will try to explain the reasoning behind the
  use of the subjunctive in these contexts, but
  these explanations are not always 100 fail safe-
  like anything with language they may have
  exceptions.
• I recommend that you try to remember these
  reasons, but at the same time, you should also
  memorize the verbs and phrases themselves that
  require the subjunctive.
• The first is with verbs that express an emotion
  or some kind of an opinion.

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More instances to use the subjunctive

• In addition to verbs of volition, the
  subjunctive is also used with verbs that express
  an emotion or some kind of an opinion.

• alegrarse (de) to be glad (about)
• esperar to hope
• gustar to be pleasing to
• molestar to bother
• preocuparse (de) to be worried (about)
• quejarse (de) to complain (about)
• sentir(ie) to be sorry
• sorprender to surprise
• tener miedo (de) to be afraid (of)

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Subjunctive with verbs of emotion

• On the next page, you will find examples of these
  verbs and sentences in the subjunctive.
• On a sheet of paper, copy each of these sentences
  and then underline the subjunctive verb form.
  Above that form, write the infinitive form for
  that verb. Finally, write directly underneath the
  Spanish sentence, its translation into English.
  You might have to use a Spanish -English
  dictionary.
• If you dont recognize a verb, you can still
  figure out its infinitive, since you know which
  verb is in the present indicative and which is in
  the subjunctive. If a verb is in the subjunctive
  and has -e, -es, -e, -emos, -en endings, you know
  that it is an -ar verb in its infinitive form!
• After you are done translating the sentences,
  compare the Spanish and English versions. Are
  they different? How? Are they the same? How? Note
  your answers on your paper.

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Subjunctive with verbs of emotion

• Nos alegramos de que las vacaciones vengan
  pronto.
• La profesora espera que todos sus estudiantes
  lean esta presentación.
• A la profesora no le gusta que sus estudiantes no
  hagan sus tareas.
• Los estudiantes se preocupan de que la profesora
  les dé una prueba muy difícil.
• Los estudiantes se quejan de que la profesora les
  asigne mucha tarea.
• La profe siente que sus estudiantes no puedan ir
  a muchas fiestas.
• A la profe le sorprende que sus estudiantes
  hablen tan bien el español.
• Todos nosotros tenemos miedo de que no haya tanto
  tiempo para las vacaciones.

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More contexts to use the subjunctive

• The next context for using the subjunctive,
  impersonal expressions, is really not new at all.
• An impersonal expression is one where no subject
  is explicitly stated.
• Es preferible tener una casa en el campo.
• It is preferable to have a house in the country.
• impersonal, because there is no explicit subject.
  
• Juan prefiere tener una casa en el campo.
• Juan prefers to have a house in the country.
• personal, because the subject, Juan, is explicit
• Es preferible (its preferable) can refer to
  anyone.

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More contexts to use the subjunctive Impersonal
expressions

• Following are some common impersonal expressions
  that may require the use of the subjunctive.

• es preferible que its preferable (that)
• es bueno /malo que its good/bad (that)
• es importante its important (that)
• es (im)posible its impossible (that)
• es lógico its logical (that)
• es mejor its better (that)
• es necesario its necessary (that)
• es ridículo its ridiculous (that)
• es una lástima its a shame (that)

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More contexts to use the subjunctive Impersonal
expressions

• Notice that these impersonal expressions carry
  special meanings, namely volition or emotion.
  Consider the following
• Es importante que Juan visite a sus padres
• Recomiendo que Juan visite a sus padres.
• Notice that while using different words, each of
  the above sentences express esentially the same
  meaning (volition) that someone wants Juan to
  visit his parents.
• The difference is that in the first case, I am
  specifically stating that I recommend that Juan
  visit his parents, and in the second case, I
  dont own that recommendation. I just state
  that its important that

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More contexts to use the subjunctive Impersonal
expressions

• When you consider the impersonal expressions
  presented, you will notice that each expresses
  either volition/persuasion or emotion/opinion.
• Write each of the following expressions on your
  paper and next to each write V if its meaning
  represents volition/persuasion or E if it
  expresses an emotion/opinion.

• es preferible que es bueno /malo que
• es importante que es (im)posible que
• es lógico que es mejor que
• es necesario que es ridículo que
• es una lástima que

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More contexts to use the subjunctive Impersonal
expressions

• The rules about when to use impersonal
  expressions with the subjunctive are then the
  same as those that you have already learned for
  other verbs.
• There must be a complex sentence made of two
  parts
• The impersonal expression must express one of the
  key meanings to trigger the subjunctive
  volition/persuasion, or emotion/opinion
• es bueno que, es necesario que, es importante
  que
• The sentence must have two parts an impersonal
  expression a second phrase with a subject and a
  conjugated verb and both parts must be linked by
  a conjunction, i.e. que
• Es importante que nosotros nos divirtamos en
  clase.

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When not to use the subjunctive with impersonal
expressions

• If the conditions for subjunctive are not met
• Es importante tomar las vacaciones cada año.
• Here we use the expression the verb tomar in
  the infinitive because there is no explicit
  subject for this verb. The translation is Its
  important to take a vacation each year. The
  sentence does not specify that you, me, we, or
  they should take a vacation. Since we do not have
  a specific subject for the verb tomar, we do not
  have a complex sentence, we do not need the
  conjunction que and we therefore do not use the
  subjunctive.
• The above example contrasts with the following
• Es importante que Juan tome las vacaciones cada
  año.
• Here we do have a subjecto for the verb tomar.
  This sentence does not state that it is generally
  important for anyone to take a vacation, but
  rather it states that it is important that
  specifically Juan take the vacation.

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One more context for the subjunctive

• There is another phrase that expresses a desire
  with which we use the subjunctive
• Ojalá que
• It is an idiom originally from Arabic
• Oh Allah (may God grant)
• Translates to English as
• I/we hope
• Lets hope
• If only

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One more context for the subjunctive

• The subjunctive is always used with Ojalá
• Ojalá que no haya clases mañana.
• Ojalá que haga buen tiempo mañana.
• Ojalá que mis padres no me visiten este fin de
  semana.

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Manos a la obra!

• Translate the sentences on the next slide into
  Spanish. You must decide if the sentence requires
  the subjunctive or not, so take a moment to
  recall the rules for using the subjunctive.

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Translate into Spanish

• We are worried that San Marcos has too much
  congestion.
• Its necessary to grow more trees.
• They complain that there is no public
  transportation in San Marcos.
• Its logical that Miguel wants to move to the
  country.
• Lets hope that we lead a peaceful life.
• I dont like traffic.
• It bothers us that San Diego is a metropolis.
• Im sorry that we cant control the
  overpopulation.

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Aviso importante!

• Espero que todos hagan esta tarea porque la voy a
  recoger en clase el martes y va a contar como una
  prueba.
• Ojalá que todos pasen un buen fin de semana!