PPA 573 Emergency Management and Homeland Security

1
PPA 573 Emergency Management and Homeland
Security

• Lecture 6 Recovery From Disaster

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Introduction

• Advanced planning for recovery yields significant
  benefits in the event of a disaster.
• The recovery period is a valuable opportunity to
  influence the communitys future development.
• The recovery planning process virtually requires
  local officials to study the experience of other
  communities that have recovered from disasters.
• Support for mitigation tends to be highest
  immediately after a disaster, and local officials
  must be prepared with specific plans and policies
  to take advantage of the opportunity.

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Overview of the Recovery Process
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Framework for Local Recovery

• In communities where the speed and quality of
  recovery was higher, local officials found ways
  to
• Ensure more productive intergovernmental
  relationships
• Compete effectively for scarce resources and
• Better manage community-level decision-making
  during the postdisaster period.

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Key Elements of the Recovery Process

• Personal leadership.
• Local decision-making.
• Priority of intergovernmental relations.
• Redevelopment of damaged areas.
• Long-range view of built community.
• Ability to marshal internal and external
  resources.

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Key Elements of the Recovery Process

• Ability to act.
• Availability of state and federal resources.
• Reliance on local rather than external resources.
• Local administrative and technical capability.
• Horizontal and vertical intergovernmental
  relationships.

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Key Elements of the Recovery Process

• Knowing what to do.
• Local knowledge of requirements for state and
  federal assistance.
• Identification of sources of assistance.
• Realistic, flexible, and current preparedness
  plans.

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Federal and State Assistance

• Disasters of 2002.
• http//www.fema.gov/library/diz02.shtm.
• Disasters of 2003.
• http//www.fema.gov/library/diz03.shtm.
• Disasters of 2004.
• http//www.fema.gov/news/disasters.fema?year2004.
  
• Federal aid.
• Individual assistance.
• http//www.fema.gov/rrr/inassist.shtm.
• Public assistance.
• http//www.fema.gov/rrr/pa/.
• http//www.fema.gov/rrr/pa/overview.shtm.

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The Red Cross and Other Voluntary Assistance

• The most likely source of immediate assistance
  following a disaster is the American Red Cross.
• Also Salvation Army and Mennonite Disaster
  Services.
• Work with victims on a one-to-one basis
  frequently.
• The Red Cross congressional charter gives the
  organization broad authority during a disaster.

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The Red Cross and Other Voluntary Assistance

• Red Cross will provide assistance regardless of
  presidential disaster declaration. Their
  definition of a disaster is broader.
• After a federally declared disaster, Red Cross
  almost becomes an arm of the federal government.

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The Red Cross and Other Voluntary Assistance

• Red Cross also has a statement of understanding
  with FEMA outlining its responsibilities during a
  disaster where FEMA is present.
• Functions
• Mass care (shelter and food)
• Direct financial and material assistance to
  families
• Emergency health care
• Assistance with rebuilding and repair and
• Comprehensive damage assessment.

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Post-disaster Mitigation

• Mitigation has been defined as deciding what to
  do where a risk to health, safety, and welfare of
  society has been determined to exist and
  implementing a risk reduction program.
• Since most natural disasters result from known
  agents, some anticipation can take place.

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Post-disaster Mitigation

• Mitigation requirements.
• Robert T. Stafford Disaster Act of 1988.
• Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000.
• http//www.fema.gov/regions/v/newsletter/news_n3.h
  tm.
• Obstacles of mitigation.
• Complexity.
• Long lead time.
• Resistance to mitigation.
• Local government capacity and will.