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Introduction to Information Warfare

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Title: Introduction to Information Warfare


1
Lecture 1
Introduction to Information Warfare
Mohamed Sharif
2
Lecture Contents
  • Warfare
  • Information Warfare
  • Information Environment
  • Information Operation
  • Ethics

3
How to Study Information Warfare?
  • Discussions about Information Warfare tend to be
    either
  • High level discussions, riddled with trendy
    buzzwords, with rhetorical debates about
    terminology and taxonomy.
  • Highly technical discussions about a particular
    technology.
  • This course will try to plow a middle ground by
    introducing each topic at the high level and then
    drilling down to the technologies and their
    applications.
  • In this way, we will prepare students for more
    advanced
  • course work/career work in this field.

4
What are the Origins of Warfare?
  • Gimme your stuff!
  • Fine! No problem man!

5
What is Warfare
  • Armed fighting between groups
  • Period during war
  • Method of warfare
  • Conflict
  • Serious effect to end something
  • There have been four generations

6
Four Generation of Warfare
  • First Generation
  • Started with the rise of the nation-state
  • Top-down Military Structure
  • Limited weapons and armies
  • Ended in the early 19th Century
  • Second Generation
  • Started around 1860 in US
  • Large Armies with artillery
  • Formal assault tactics
  • Mass weapon development
  • Logistic support
  • Ended around World War I (WW I)

7
Four Generation of Warfare (Conti)
  • Third-Generation
  • Started in WW II by Germany
  • Shock-maneuver tactics
  • Weapon Mass Destruction
  • Ended around 1980
  • Four-Generation
  • Started around 1989 in US
  • Television
  • No distinction between military and civilian

8
Warfare in the Context of Social Evolution
  • Is violence necessary to achieve military
    objectives?
  • PGMs (precision guided munitions)
  • Deterrence threat
  • Emerging non-lethal weapons
  • Sun Tzu (mid-first millennium BCE) who wrote a
    famous military treatise stated that the
    objective of war is the least possible loss of
    life and utilization of resources.

9
Warfare in the Context of Social Evolution
  • Is violence necessary to achieve military
    objectives?
  • PGMs (precision guided munitions)
  • Deterrence threat
  • Emerging non-lethal weapons
  • Sun Tzu (mid-first millennium BCE) who wrote a
    famous military treatise stated that the
    objective of war is the least possible loss of
    life and utilization of resources.

10
Recent Wars
  • In the 1991 Gulf War, despite the fact that Iraq
    had one of the largest armies in the world, the
    US had 382 casualties. This success is
    attributed to superior night vision, navigation,
    and precision guided munitions.
  • To date the 2003 Iraqi War has claimed over 350
    US, 50 British and 5000 lives.

11
Command Cycle is Becoming Shorter
Adapted from Sullivan and Dubik, War In the
Information Age. SSI US Army War College,1994
12
What is Information Warfare ?
  • Information warfare is a coherent and
    synchronized blending of physical and virtual
    actions to have countries, organizations, and
    individuals perform, or not perform, actions so
    that your goals and objectives are attained and
    maintained, while simultaneously preventing your
    competitors from doing the same to you
    According to Andy Jones.

13
What is Information Warfare? (Conti.)
  • Information Warfare is about operations that
    target or exploit information resources, D.
    Denning, Information Warfare and Security. (1999)
    21.
  • Information Warfareis simply the use of
    information to achieve our national objectives,
    George Stein, Information Warfare, Airpower
    Journal 9 1, 32 (1995).

14
Information Warfare (Conti.)
  • Information Warfare is Information Operation
    conducted during times of crises or conflicts to
    achieve or promote specific objectives against a
    specific adversary or adversaries.

15
Information Warfare (Cont.)
  • Information Warfare is used to provide your
    organization a competitive advantage while at the
    same time limiting the competitions capability
    to reduce your advantage and increase their own.
  • Information Warfare is not possible with out
    control of your Information Environments.

16
Information Environments
  • Information Environment (IE) is the aggregate of
    individual, organization, or systems that
    collect, process, or disseminate information
    including the information itself.
  • IE is the interrelated set of Information,
    Information Infrastructures and Information-based
    processes.

17
Information Environments (Conti)
  • Information
  • Data
  • Knowledge
  • Information Infrastructures
  • Display
  • Store
  • Process
  • Transmit
  • Information based processes
  • Obtain
  • Exchange

18
Related Information Warfare
  • Knowledge Management
  • Network-Centric Business
  • Coherent Knowledge-Based Operation

19
Information Warfare areas
  • INFOSEC / Information Assurance
  • Intelligence
  • Computer network exploitation
  • Network management
  • Knowledge Management
  • Information operations
  • Command and Control
  • Business Continuity
  • Marketing
  • Legal
  • Research Development

20
Examples of Information Warfare
  • Business
  • Three Blind Men
  • Industry

21
Attacks in Information Warfare
  • Sources of Attack
  • Internal
  • External
  • Forms of Attack
  • Data attack
  • Software Attack
  • Hacking Attack
  • Physical Attack
  • Classes of Attack
  • Passive attack
  • Active attack

22
Defense in Information Warfare
  • Awareness
  • Policies
  • Information Assurance
  • Military Forces
  • Intelligence
  • Cooperation between government and private sector

23
Information Warfare (Conti)
  • Objective of Information Warfare
  • Exploitation
  • Deception
  • Disruption
  • Destruction
  • To achieve the objective of Information Warfare
  • Natural hazard and unintended threats
  • Tactical attack
  • Strategic attack

24
Information Warfare (Conti)
  • Advantage
  • Less human causalities
  • Less cost
  • Information Technology
  • Disadvantage
  • Trust
  • Unexpected result
  • Terrorism
  • Un declare war

25
What is Information Operations ?
Information Operation is an action taken to
affect adversary information and information
systems while defending ones own information and
information systems
26
Information Operation Process
27
Ethics of Teaching Information Warfare and Defense
  • Will courses such as this result in greater or
    lesser loss of life?
  • Are we training hackers (in the bad sense) or
    enabling society to defend itself?
  • If we are to take the next step in cultural
    evolution, should we be teaching and studying
    conflict resolution rather than warfare?

28
Ethics of Teaching Information Warfare and Defense
  • With precision guided munitions that allow
    targeting within minutes, does life become cheap,
    reduced to a video game?
  • With life and death decisions being made in real
    time, without adequate time for reflection or
    analysis, does the world become more dangerous?

29
Ethics (cont.)
  • Finally, is the relative ease with which the US
    won the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq likely
    to lead to a false sense of security?
  • For example, with weapons of mass disruption
    might the US cause so much confusion that an
    enemy might panic into doing something extreme,
    such as launching a nuke.
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