Documenting Good Teaching/ The Teaching Portfolio

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Documenting Good Teaching/The Teaching Portfolio
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Objectives

• Following this discussion, the participant will
  be able to
• Discuss features of the scholarship of teaching.
• Describe a manuscript you could write on a unique
  aspect of your teaching.

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Objectives, Continued

• List activities that could be included under your
  own teaching portfolio.
• Describe what you would personally like to see in
  faculty development in teaching.
• List ways through which you could connect with
  the larger teaching community

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The Scholarship of Teaching

• Why worry about teaching?
• Doesnt everybody know how to lecture?

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Teaching and Learning

• Our standard methods of conveying knowledge have
  been shown to be relatively ineffective
• Learning is passive rather than active.

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Teaching and Learning

• Traditional methods (lecture, laboratory,
  recitation) do not tend to foster
• critical thinking,
• creative thinking, and
• collaborative problem solving.

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Teaching and Learning

• Faculty and institutions have not been aware of
  the developments in cognitive psychology.
• There appears to be an awakening to the
  scholarship of teaching.

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Four areas of scholarship

• Discovery - Original Research
• Integration - Connections between discoveries
  obtained through different approaches
• Scholarship of Application - Service the bridge
  between theory and practical use
• Scholarship of Teaching

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The Fourth Area of Scholarship

• Scholarship of Teaching - Effective communication
  of knowledge to students
• Excellence in Teaching is a simple definition.

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What is Scholarship?

• Narrowly defined Scholarship is shown through
  research, peer review, and creation of new
  knowledge
• A broader definition has been proposed for the
  Scholarship of Teaching

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Definition Scholarship of Teaching

• Teaching as scholarship exists when it
• Demonstrates current knowledge of the field and
  current findings about teaching
• Is open to peer review
• Involves exploration of students learning

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Essential Features of Teaching as Scholarship

• The teaching is made public
• Invites peer review
• Presented in a form that can be built upon

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The Scholarship of Teaching Includes

• Conceptualization, design, implementation or
  evaluation of new curricula.
• Creation of interdisciplinary courses,
• Use of assessment instruments,
• Learning through new technologies,

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The Scholarship of Teaching Includes

• Superlative course directors
• Excellent teachers
• Highly respected role models
• Teaching respected in peer institutions
• Presentation of teaching scholarship at national
  meetings

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Use of criteria to evaluate classical research as
applied to teaching

• Clear, measurable objectives
• Adequate preparation with current knowledge
• Methods
• Select appropriate teaching methods to meet
  defined objectives
• Select appropriate assessment tools to evaluate
  outcomes

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Use of criteria to evaluate classical research as
applied to teaching, contd

• Significant results
• Measures of quality/effectiveness of presentation
• Demonstration of students accomplishment of
  objectives

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Use of criteria to evaluate classical research as
applied to teaching, contd

• Presentation of results
• Public presentation
• Making results/process available to colleagues

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What activities can be included in the
Scholarship of Teaching?

• Caveat If appropriate evidence can be
  demonstrated that shows the teaching activities
  scholarly nature (OUTCOMES), then there is
  scholarship.

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What activities can be included in the
Scholarship of Teaching?

• Lecture
• Small groups
• Laboratory
• Objective Standardized Clinical Examinations
  (OSCE)

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What activities can be included in the
Scholarship of Teaching?

• Clinical settings
• Advising
• Mentoring
• Curriculum development
• Creation of instructional materials

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What activities can be included in the
Scholarship of Teaching?

• Educational administration
• Course director
• Year director
• Curriculum committee
• Scholastic evaluation committee

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What activities can be included in the
Scholarship of Teaching?

• Writing web-based materials
• Writing textbooks and chapters in textbooks
• Creation of teaching modules

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What activities can be included in the
Scholarship of Teaching?

• Continuing education presentations
• Curricular change
• Community education

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Recognition of the Scholarship of Teaching
Requirements

• Promotion and tenure guidelines that seriously
  consider teaching
• Teaching portfolio required as a part of
  assessment and promotion and tenure
• (Teaching portfolio detailed list of pedagogical
  activities)

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Recognition of the Scholarship of Teaching
Requirements

• Rewards for teaching excellence
• Foster the scholarship of teaching through
  faculty development
• Support from the department chair is crucial

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Getting to Excellence in Teaching
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Local Faculty Development

• Injecting active learning into the lecture
• Small group teaching skills
• Characteristics of good image presentations

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Local Faculty Development

• How to write objectives
• How to write multiple choice questions
• (Testing drives the system)

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Local Faculty Development

• Use of new technologies examples
• PowerPoint
• Blackboard
• Adobe Photoshop

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Local Faculty Development

• Dealing with problem students
• Legal issues in medical education
• Educational Scholars Program

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Proof the Marriage Exists in the Animal Kingdom
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An Educational Scholars Program

• Purpose to encourage scholarship in the areas of
  
• teaching and learning,
• curriculum development, and
• educational management

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An Educational Scholars Program

• Terminal objective preparation of an article on
  educational research that is ready for submission
  for peer review
• Length one year (initial one was 18 months)
• Cohort six to nine people

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An Educational Scholars Program

• Initial activity Bring in an outside medical
  educationist
• Teaching as scholarship
• Selecting a topic for a written manuscript by the
  Scholar

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An Educational Scholars Program

• Procedure through workshops and presentations on
  various topics including
• Qualitative and quantitative research,
• Use of statistics

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An Educational Scholars Program

• Monthly journal club on various topics related to
  educational research

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An Educational Scholars Program

• Invited presentations by local faculty in the
  area of education research
• Use of the library
• Intellectual property considerations
• Clinical teaching for the Surgery rotation

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An Educational Scholars Program

• Presentations by Education Scholars on the
  progress of their work
• Review and feedback on manuscript draft and
  presentation by an outside medical educationist

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An Educational Scholars Program

• Preparation of an abstract with presentation at a
  workshop with comments by the outside reviewer
• Graduation ceremony with giving of a certificate
  of completion

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Some advice on advancing your own teaching
portfolio
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Tricks for Your Teaching Portfolio

• If you are doing something different, consider
  critical assessment and writing about it.
• Learn how to write! (See Joint Task Force of
  Academic Medicine and the GEA-RIME Committee.
  Review Criteria for Research Manuscripts.
  Academic Medicine, 2001 76897-978)

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Tricks for Your Teaching Portfolio

• Become familiar with the Association of American
  Medical Colleges
• Central Group on Educational Affairs
• Research in Medical Education section of the AAMC
  Group on Educational Affairs

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Tricks for Your Teaching Portfolio

• Join and take an active role in the activities in
  one or more of your fields education society
  Examples
• Group for Research in Pathology Education
• Association of Pathology Chairs
• Society for Education in Anesthesia

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Tricks for Your Teaching Portfolio

• Read the education literature in your field
• Ally yourself broadly with educators in other
  medical disciplines
• Seek out educators in other fields.
• (Example Nebraska Teaching Improvement Council)

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Tricks for Your Teaching Portfolio

• Consider attending American Association of Higher
  Education meetings
• Form a Teaching Circle in your own institution

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Tricks for Your Teaching Portfolio

• What is a Teaching Circle?
• A Teaching Circle is a small group of faculty who
  share their experiences in teaching their
  teaching is made public. There are many
  variations on this theme.

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Tricks for Your Teaching Portfolio

• Obtain the tools of teaching Examples
• Writing objectives
• Writing multiple choice questions
• Writing and grading essay questions

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Tricks for Your Teaching Portfolio

• Obtain the tools of teaching Examples, contd
• How to encourage active learning during a lecture
• How to facilitate a small group
• How to actively listen to the student

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Are you ready for this?
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An Advanced Degree in Education!
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To move up, move out!
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Resource People in Medical Education

• Mark Albanese
• William Anderson
• Daniel Bernstein
• Stephen Bodgewic
• Georges Bordage
• Martha Camp
• Jerry Cederblom

• Diane Gillespie
• Pat Hutchings
• Ronald Markert
• Fred McCurdy
• Stewart Mennin
• Deborah Simpson
• David Steele

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