struct list

1
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• 24.1.06

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3
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struct list int value struct list
next typedef struct list Item
????? ?????

• ?????? ?? ??????
• ????? ?????? ?? ?????
• ????? ???? ??????? ??????
• ????? ??? ??????
• ?????/????? ?? ???? ??????
• ????? ?????

4
?????? ??????? ?-C

• ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?
  main.
• ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????
  ???? ??????.
• ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????
  ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????.

5
?????? ??????? ?-C

• int main()
• Item L_head NULL
• L_head Add(L_head,5)
• L_head Add(L_head,3)
• L_head Add(L_head,7)

????? ???? ??????
6

• Item Add(Item L_head, int value)
• Item L_tail L_head
• Item I_new malloc(sizeof (Item))
• I_new-gtvalue value
• I_new-gtnext NULL
• if (L_tail NULL)
• return I_new
• while (L_tail-gtnext ! NULL)
• L_tailL_tail-gtnext
• L_tail-gtnext I_new
• return L_head

7
?????? ??????? ?-C

• int main()
• Item L_head NULL
• L_head Delete(L_head,3)

????? ???? ??????
8

• Item Delete(Item head,int value)
• Item curr head
• Item prev head
• if (curr-gtvalue value)
• curr curr-gtnext
• free(head)
• return curr

????? ?????? ??? ??????
9

• while (curr ! NULL)
• if (curr-gtvalue value)
• prev-gtnext curr-gtnext
• free(curr)
• return head
• prev curr
• curr curr-gtnext
• return head

????? ?????? ????
10
????? ?????
void PrintList(Item head) if (head
NULL) printf("\n") return else p
rintf("d ",head-gtvalue) PrintList(head-gtnext)
return
11

• ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???
  ?????? ?? ??????

12
int Count(Item L) int counter0 while (L
! NULL) counter LL-gtnext return
counter int CountR(Item L) if (L
NULL) return 0 return 1 CountR(L-gtnext)
13

• ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????

14
void DeleteList(Item head) Item
currhead while (curr ! NULL)
headhead-gtnext free(curr)
currhead return
15
int DeleteList(Item head) if (head ! NULL)
DeleteList(head-gtnext)
free(head) return
16

• ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????
  ?????? ????.

????? 2
????? 1
17
Item Meld(Item L1,Item L2) Item L1_head
L1 if (L1 NULL) return L2 if (L2
NULL) return L1 while (L1-gtnext ! NULL)
L1L1-gtnext L1-gtnext L2 return L1_head
18
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19
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• ?????? ???? ????? ?????/????? ?????, ??? ?? ?????
  ??????? ?????? ????.
• ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? (????? ????/??? ????)
  ?? ?????? stdio.h ???? ??? FILE, ?????????
  ???/??? ??????? ????.
• ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???.

20
????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????

• ??? ????? ?? ????, ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????
  ???????? fopen. ???? fopen(info.txt,
  r)
• fopen ????? ?? ?? ?????, ??? ??? ?????? ????
• ????? "r", ????? "a", ????? w.
• ????? ???? ???? ?????? ((w ????? ?? ?????
  ?????. ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????
  (a) .
• ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? FILE.
• ??????
• FILE fp
• fp fopen(info.txt, r)

21
????? ????? - ????

• ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????
  ????? NULL.
• ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??
  ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???. ?? ??? ??
  ????? (???? ?? ??? ???? ?????) ????? NULL.

22
????? ???? - ?????

• ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????.
  ????
• FILE fp
• fp fopen(in.txt, r)
• if (fp NULL)
• printf(The file could not be opened\n)

23
????? ????

• ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????
• FILE fp
• fp fopen(in.txt, r)
• .
• fclose(fp)
• ?????? ????? ?"? ????? ???????? fclose ??
  ????? ????? (????? FILE) ??????.

24
????? ?????

• ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????.
• ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?"? fscanf, ?????? ??? scanf,
  ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????. ????
• FILE ifp
• ifp fopen(in.txt, r)
• fscanf(ifp, d c, num, tav)

(???? ????? ?????? ????)

• ????? FILE ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????, ??
  
• ??????? ???? ????? ???.
• ???????? fscanf ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????
  ????.

25
????? ????? ???????? ??????

• ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?"? ????????
• char fgets(char str, int n, FILE ifp)
• ?? ???? ??? gets, ???? ?? ????? ???? (?? \n,
  ????) ?? ??? ????? n-1 ????? (????? ????? \0
  ????? ?????? ??????).
• ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????.
• ?? ????? ?????? ????? NULL (????? ??????? ?????).
• ???? ?????? ?? ?-getc(ifp) ??? ????? ??????
  ?-getchar().
• ????? ??? ??? ?????.

26
????? ????? ??? ?????

• ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????, ?? getc ?-
  fscanf ?????? ?? ???? 1-, ???????? ??? ????.
• ?????? stdio.h ????? ????? EOF (End Of File)
  ????? 1-.
• ????? ??????-???????, ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???
  ????? ???? (????? ????? 1-)
• if (fscanf(d, i) ! EOF)

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????? ???? ??????

• fopen(in.txt, w)
• ???????? ?????? ????? ?-FILE, ??? ?????
• FILE ofp
• ofp fopen(in.txt, w)

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????? ?????

• ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????.
• ?????? ????? ???? ?"?
• fprintf (ofp, d c, num, tav)
• ?????? ??? ?????? ?-printf ?? ??????? ?????? ???
  ????? ????? ????? ?????.

29
????? ???????

• ??? C ??????? ?? ?? ???? (???????) ????? (??
  ????) ??? ?????/????? ?? ?????.
• ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????
  ?? (??????? ??????).
• stdin ???? ???????? (???????).
• stdout ???? ???????? (????).
• stderr ??? ?? ?????? ????? (????? ?? ??? ????).
• ?? ???? ?????? printf(d, 10) ??? ?????
• fprintf (stdout, d, 10)

30
????? ??????? - ?????

• ???? ?? ????? ????? ????-??? ??????? ???????,
  ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?-20 (???? ????? ?????
  ??- 0\), ?? ???? ?????? ?-
• fgets(str, 20, stdin)
• (?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????-???? ???? ???
  ????? ????? ??????)

31
????? ?? ????? - ?????

• ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???
  ????? ?? ??.
• ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? 80 ???
  ?????.

32
?????? ?????? ????? ?????

• define SIZE 81
• int main()
• FILE ifp
• int count0
• char lineSIZE, filenameSIZE
• fgets(filename, SIZE, stdin)
• ifp fopen(filename, r)

?????? ?? ?? ?????
????? ????? ??????
33
?????? ?? ?????? ??????

• if (ifp NULL)
• printf(File could not be opened\n)
• return -1
• while(fgets(line, SIZE, ifp) ! NULL)
• count
• printf(There are d lines\n, count)
• fclose(ifp)
• return 0

?????? ????? ?? ??? ??, ??????? ????
????? ????? ?????
34
?????

• ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????

35

• int main(void)
• FILE ifp
• char name20 in.txt"
• char c
• ifp fopen(name,"r)
• if (ifp NULL)
• printf("Can't open s for reading!\n",
  name)
• return 1

36

• c fgetc(ifp)
• while(c ! EOF)
• putchar(c)
• c fgetc(ifp)
• fclose(ifp)
• return 0

37
?????

• ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????, ?????? ???? ????
  ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???

38

• int main(void)
• FILE ifp, ofp
• char iname20 in1.txt"
• char oname20 out.txt"
• char c
• ifp fopen(iname,"r)
• if(ifp NULL)
• printf("Can't open s for reading!\n", iname)
• return 1
• ofp fopen(oname,"w)
• if(ofp NULL)
• printf("Can't open s for writing!\n", oname)
• fclose(ifp)
• return 1

39

• fprintf(ofp, "This is a doubled space version of
  the file s\n\n",iname)
• c fgetc(ifp)
• / write contents of file to another /
• while(c ! EOF)
• fputc(c,ofp)
• / if newline, add another new line /
• if(c '\n')
• fputc('\n',ofp)
• c fgetc(ifp)
• fclose(ifp)
• fclose(ofp)
• return 0

40
????? -?????

• ???? ???? ?- C ???/??? ?? ????? ????? ????/??? ??
  ?????? ?????.
• ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?- mode ??????
  ?????? ???? ????? ???????.

41
?????? ???????

• ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?"? ????????
• int rand(void)
• ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? 0 ??
  RAND_MAX
• ????? ?-RAND_MAX ??? ????? 32,767
• ???????? ?????? ?-stdlib.h

42
???????

• ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? 0 ?-19 (????)
• rand() 20
• ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? 10 ?-20 (????)
• rand() 11 10
• ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? 0,1
• (double) rand() / RAND_MAX

43
????? ?????? ??????? - ?????

• ??? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????
  ???? ?? ?????? ???????.
• ?? ????? ??????, ?-seed, ???? ????? ?"? ????????
  ???? ??????? ?-stdlib.h
• void srand(unsigned int seed)
• ??? ??-seed ???? ???? ??? ????, ?? ????? ??????
  ??????? ?? ?????? ????
• srand(time(NULL))
• ???? ???????? time() ?????? ?-time.h

44
?????

• ???? ?????? ??????? 7 ?????? ???????
• ????? ????? 5 ?? 50 (????), ???"? ??????
• 7 ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? 0,1.

????? ???? 23 12 27 31 46 47 31 0.016877 0.554064
0.400006 0.784295 0.481857 0.487777 0.724479
45
?????

• include ltstdio.hgt
• include ltstdlib.hgt
• include lttime.hgt
• int rand_int()
• return rand() 46 5
• double rand_real()
• return (double) rand() / RAND_MAX

46
????? - ????

• int main()
• int k
• srand(time(NULL))
• for ( k0 klt7 k )
• printf("d\n",rand_int())
• for ( k0 klt7 k )
• printf("lf\n",rand_real())
  
• return 0

47
?????

• ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???.
• ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????,
• ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???.
• ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????
• ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????
• ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??.

48

• include ltstdio.hgt
• include ltstdlib.hgt
• include lttime.hgt
• double rand_real()
• return (double) rand() / RAND_MAX
• int main()
• int all 0,good 0
• double x,y,temp
• srand(time(NULL))

49

• while (1)
• x rand_real()
• y rand_real()
• if ( x gt y )
• temp x x y y temp
• if ( x gt 0.5 y - x gt 0.5 1 - y gt 0.5 )
• good
• all
• if ( all 1000000 0 )
• printf("d / d lf\n",
• good,all,(double) good/all)
• return 0