Climate change in the Middle East and North Africa region MENA: challenges, opportunities and the ro

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• Climate change in the Middle East and North
  Africa region (MENA) challenges, opportunities
  and the role of the World Bank
• September 2008

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Outline and key messages

• Main Challenges of Climate Change for MNA MENAs
  future development.
• What is the World Bank doing Strategic
  Engagement Framework
• 3. Word Bank engagment in MNA
• Partnership with UN agencies and other
  organization

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Main Challenges of Climate Change in MENA

• Water availability will decrease by 20-30 in
  most of MENA (2050)
• Temperature will increase by 2 degrees C by 2030
  (4 degrees C by 2050)
• Climate variation will amplify (severe
  storms/droughts)
• Sea will rise by 20 to 50 cm by 2050
• These will have major economic impact because
  MENA is
• The most water-scarce region in the world (less
  than 1000 cubic meters per year)
• More scarcity and water stress
• Still highly dependent on agriculture (10-26
  GDP, 30-45 LF)
• Significant decrease in yields and outputs (-10
  to -30) in the absence of significant adaptation
  instruments
• Highly urbanized and still urbanizing with 60-80
  of GDP produced in cities and coastal cities
• Severe flooding will cause major economic and
  human losses
• One of the most energy inefficient regions and
  intensity of GHG Emission (CO2/GDP)
• Opportunity for lower carbon economy (fiscal
  health benefits)

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water scarcity is likely to further increase
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..and sea level risee.g. the Nile delta

• Alexandria, Port Said, Damietta and Rosetta all
  heavily impacted by 0.5m sea-level rise
• gt 2 million people displaced
• gt 35 billion loss of land, property and
  infrastructure
• 220,000 jobs gone
• Incalculable value of historic and cultural
  assets lost

Impacts on Alexandria

• (Prof. M. El Raey, Alexandria
  University, UNEP 2002)

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What is the World Bank doing?

• The World Bank engaged with its partners and
  client countries to
• Understand the challenges and opportunities of
  climate change and their economic and social
  impact
• Mobilize additional resources
• Provide a mix of policy and financial assistance
• And developed a strategic framework to inform its
  engagements.
• 3. Engaged with Ctries on both agenda

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The big picture
Corporate Strategic Framework
Client Countries/ other agencies
Regional Strategy
ECA MENA AFR LAC

• Tools/instruments/resources
• IBRD/IDA Lending
• Climate Investment Funds (CIF)
• GEF

Partnerships UN/EC/ etc

• Implementation
• Country level
• Regional level

Evaluation/monitoring
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Corporate StrategicFramework 6 pillars

• Support climate actions in country-led
  development processes
• Mobilize concessional and innovative finance
• Facilitate the development of innovative market
  mechanisms
• Leverage private sector resources
• Accelerate the development and deployment of new
  technologies and
• Step up policy research, knowledge, and capacity
  building.

For details, see http//go.worldbank.org/HZ77KYCI9
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Resources for climate change an overview
Carbon Market CDMJI lt 8 billion for FY09
mitigation
GEF 0.25 blln for FY09
World Bank Group (IBRD/IDA/ IFC/MIGA) 1.9
billion for FY09
both
GEF 0.25 blln
Climate Investment Funds by MDBs 5 10
billion for 3 years
Main Resourcesto addressClimate Change
Adaptation Fund 0.5-0.8 blln (2008-12)
UNDP 0.19 blln for adaptation
Other MDBs3 billionfor FY09
EUGlobal ClimateChange Alliance 0. 3 blln
GFDRR 0.07 blln
adaptation
FY09 estimates are projections
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A major innovation Climate Investment Funds
(CIF)
Partnership Forum
Clean Technology Fund (CTF)
Strategic Climate Fund
Clean Technology Fund
Trust Fund Committee
Trust Fund Committee
Trust Fund Committee(5 contributors/ 5
recipients)
OtherSCF Program Sub-Committeecontributors
/ recipients / observers
Pilot Program for Climate ResilienceSub-Committ
eecontributors / recipients / observers
OtherSCF ProgramSub-Committeecontributors /
recipients / observers
Observers from organizations with mandates to
provide investment in clean technology, such as
GEF and observer from UN for broad strategic
discussions
For details, see http//www.worldbank.org/cif
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MENA Climate Change Strategy is being developed

• Integrating climate resilience into regular
  business (Water, Agriculture, Urban, etc)
• Promote low-carbon growth opportunities (energy
  efficiency, renewables, carbon finance, etc)
• Enhance knowledge on
• Climate change impacts (on sectors, and across
  sectors)
• Cost-effective adaptation options (at policy and
  project level)
• Promote partnerships
• Country level (investment co-financing, capacity
  building, etc)
• Regional level (region-wide investment
  initiatives -e.g. solar power, knowledge sharing,
  advocacy, etc)

For further details see www.worldbank.org/mena/cli
matechange
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Early Implementation of the regional strategy at
the country level

• Integrating climate change dimension in current
  and projected portfolio
• Water resources management (adaptation)
• Energy efficiency (mitigation)
• Energy strategy/ renewable/ fuel switching (both)
• Transport sector (urban public transport,
  pricing)
• Solid waste management

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Fast Growing engagement in analytical work,
technical assistance
Integrating climate change research/analytical
work at country/ regional business planning
stage...
Adaptation in coastal cities
Maroc water, agriculture, transport, urban
Egypt Lake Nasser, energy efficiency in
irrigation
Yemen, Djibouti water, agriculture, urban
Tunisie cork oak forests, wastewater strategy
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The Bank is promoting the development of carbon
markets
9 projects under implementation or design
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Implementation at the regional level Web-based
portal for climate change scenarios
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exploring a regional solar thermal power
initiative exploring a large scale deployment of
solar energy in MNA (IBRD/CTF)
Land areas required to power, through Solar
Thermal energy, MENA, the EU-25, and the World
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and promoting a regional TA program on
adaptation and mitigation

• Pledges from EC, Italy (confirmed), and DFID (to
  be confirmed)
• Objectives
• knowledge sharing on technical and policy options
  for adaptation and mitigation
• Strengthening regional centers of excellence to
  assist in project preparation, networking outside
  MENA
• Advocacy, awareness raising, consensus building
• Provisional timetable
• Donor consultations Sep-Oct 2008
• Regional consultations Dec 2008/ Jan 2009
• Inception Spring 2009

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Issues for discussion how can partnerships help
move the CC agenda forward

• At the country level
• Knowledge generation/ dissemination
• Investment co-financing
• Capacity building
• Institutional strengtening
• At the regional level
• Knowledge sharing
• Advocacy
• Awareness raising

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Please visit us on-line !
www.worldbank.org/mena/climatechange
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Thank You