THE FUTURE OF THE CHESAPEAKE BAY THE INCONVENIENT TRUTHS ABOUT ITS COLLAPSE AND RECOVERY

1
THE FUTURE OF THE CHESAPEAKE BAYTHE
INCONVENIENT TRUTHS ABOUT ITS COLLAPSE AND
RECOVERY

• SEVERN RIVER ASSOCIATION
• February 17, 2009
• Presented by Gerald W. Winegrad
• gwwabc_at_comcast.net

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THE BAY HAS MORE THAN 3,000SPECIES OF
WILDLIFE
HOODED MERGANSER
More than one million waterfowl (ducks, geese,
swans ) visit the Bay annually, 29 species in
all
4
Chesapeake Bay Watershed
New York
Pennsylvania
Maryland
Delaware
West Virginia
District of Columbia
Virginia
5
THE SCENIC SEVERN
WATER QUALITY IMPAIRED DECLINE DUE TO URBAN
RUNOFF (DEVELOPMENT), WASTEWATER TREATMENT
PLANTS, AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF, AND SEPTIC TANKS.
WILL WE RESTORE THE SEVERNS 81 SQ. MI.
WATERSHED AND ITS 140 MILES OF STREAMS?
6

WHATS THE STATUS OF THE CHESAPEAKE
BAY? According to the most recent reports and
data, the Chesapeake is in dismal shape.
Bay Grass Plantings are used to help attain goal
of 185,000 acres, but due to poor water quality,
90 of grasses planted may die
April 2008 EPA Bay Program Ecosystem Health
Report documents failure to meet most goals,
calling Bay degraded, and acknowledging that
key 2010 goals will not be met. April 2008
scientists score the Bay a C- in their Chesapeake
Bay Report Card, far below what is needed for a
healthy Bay. Data gathered from more than 150
monitoring sites throughout the Bay document
that the health of the Bay remains poor--not on
the road to recovery. Chesapeake Bay
Foundation 2007 Bay Report Card rated the Bay a
D, a 28 out of 100. CBF says the Bay is in
critical condition calls for end to politics
of postponement.
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Key water quality measurements have shown
little progress over 1985 levels.Nitrogen and
phosphorus levels in the Bay show no real
long-term trends.Water clarity and
concentrations of chlorophyll a (algae
measurements) have worsened.Bottom habitats
and phytoplankton communities show no clear
trends

• EPA BAY PROGRAM APRIL 2007 REPORT ON BAY PAINTS A
  BLEAK PICTURE

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Over 90 of the Bay and its tidal rivers are
impaired due to low dissolved oxygen levels and
poor water clarity, all related to nutrient and
sediment pollution. The Bay is imperiled. The
states will be subject to suit if waters do not
meet CWA requirements by 2010.
Impaired Water
Impaired means designated by the EPA as not
meeting Clean Water Act standards due to
pollutants under Sec. 303(d).
9
AMERICAS PREMIER WATERSHED RESTORATION
PARTNERSHIP IS FAILING!
ACCOUNTABILITY AND RESPONSIBILITY LACKING
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Why has the Bay declined so badly? Excess
nutrients and sediment. They are the focus of
Bay restoration. Toxic chemicals also present
threats.
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Sources of Nitrogen Loads to the Chesapeake Bay
2005 266 million lbs. TN/yr
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Sources of Phosphorus Loads to the Chesapeake Bay
2005 18.5 million lbs. TP/yr
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Sources of Sediment Loads to the Chesapeake Bay
2005 4.87 million tons/yr
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SEVERN RIVER LAND USE POLLUTION SOURCES
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MD Choptank River2007 Sources of Nitrogen Loads
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MD Choptank River2007 Sources of Phosphorus Loads
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MD Choptank River2007 Sources of Sediment Loads
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Pollution Control Summary
EPA BAY PROGRAM LESS THAN HALF OF THE POLLUTION
REDUCTION EFFORTS NEEDED TO ACHIEVE THE NUTRIENT
GOALS HAVE BEEN UNDERTAKEN SINCE 1985. EPA BAY
PROGRAM THE BAY IS SEVERELY DEGRADED AT
CURRENT RATE OF REDUCTION IT WOULD BE 2034 BEFORE
NITROGEN REDUCTIONS AGREED UPON ARE MET AND 2050
FOR THE PHOSPHORUS GOAL.
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Maryland Nitrogen Loads to the Chesapeake Bay
2010
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Maryland Phosphorus Loads to the Chesapeake Bay
2010
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Maryland Sediment Loads to the Chesapeake Bay
2010
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SOUTH RIVER CATFISH HAVE CANCER THE CAPITAL
January 26, 2006 Front Page, by Pamela
WoodNearly two-thirds of catfish pulled from
the South River last spring had cancerous tumors.
21 areas of the Bay have fishing bans or fish
consumption advisories because of contaminants.
This brown bullhead catfish from the South River
near Annapolis is one of 30 tested, 19 of which
had cancerous growths.
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BROWN TIDE KILLS 7,000 INNER HARBOR FISH
WBAL-TV June 5, 2007 BALTIMORE -- State
environmental officials said a lack of oxygen
killed thousands of fish in Baltimore's Inner
Harbor last weekend. State program director
Charles Poukish said the fish kill is the result
of an algae bloom or brown tide. HUNDREDS OF
THOUSANDS OF FISH KILLED IN POTOMAC Aug. 21, 2007
Virginia DEQ. Most of the algae in the Potomac
River bloom were Karlodinium. This type of algae
turns the water a reddish-brown color and
produces a toxin that can kill fish. The fish
also die due to a lack of oxygen in the water
that is caused by the bloom.
MARYLAND HAD 120 SEPARATE FISH KILLS IN 2007 BAY
HAD 5TH WORST DEAD ZONE ON RECORD IN 2007
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'Intersex' Fish Spark Pollution Debate (AP) 
WASHINGTON, SEPT. 6, 2006. U.S. scientists say
abnormal "intersex" fish, with both male and
female characteristics, have been discovered in
the Potomac River and its tributaries across the
U.S. capital region, raising questions about how
contaminants are affecting millions of people who
drink tap water there. Last month's testing at
three tributaries emptying into the Potomac
revealed that more than 80 percent of all male
smallmouth bass found were growing eggs,
according to Vicki S. Blazer, a fish pathologist
with the U.S. Geological Survey.
Pollution Rising In Tributaries of Bay, Data
Show By David A. Fahrenthold, Washington Post
Staff Writer, Wednesday, December 5, 2007
B01 The massive government effort to clean up
the Chesapeake Bay is not just falling short of
its goals. Now the bay's pollution might actually
be taking a turn for the worse. New federal
research indicates that pollution has crept up in
some of the Chesapeake's biggest tributaries this
decade, after a slow decline during the 1980s and
1990s. In the Potomac, the Patuxent and other
major rivers, the pollutants on the rise include
those blamed for low-oxygen "dead zones.
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HEALTH OF MD. CHOPTANK RIVER IS DECLINING,
RESEARCHERS SAYS. GREENWIRE (12/11/2007) The
health of the Choptank River in Maryland is
declining due to pollution from regional farms
and new housing developments. team of biologists
recently ranked the Choptank as the
second-most-polluted river in Maryland, behind to
the Patapsco, which runs through Baltimore the
river has failed to improve. The amount of
nitrogen flowing into the river was twice as high
in 2005 as it was in 1985 Much of the Choptank's
pollution is coming from nitrogen-rich
fertilizer, which runs off farm fields and into
the river after rains. 66 of nitrogen to
Choptank is from agriculture. From Rona Kobell
article in Baltimore Sun, Dec. 9, 2007.
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Trends in Shellfish Oyster Fishery Collapsed
10X increase in oyster biomass
25 of Bays nitrogen reduction goal.
Oyster harvest/population in the Bay have
collapsed due to overharvesting, disease,
pollution and loss of oyster reef
habitat. Restoration efforts w/millions
spent have failed to restore oysters.
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A KEY GOAL OF BAY AGREEMENT GOAL IS TO INCREASE
OYSTERS 10X BY 2010WE ARE NOT EVEN CLOSE

• Oysters are vital to the Bay's health they
  filter the water removing nutrients and sediment,
  improving clarity. Oyster populations have been
  reduced to 1-2 of historic levels. In 1890,
  oysters could filter all the Bays waters in 3-5
  days now it would take a year or more.

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Shad Returning to the Susquehanna River Another
Collapsed Fishery
Historically, the upper Bay was the most
productive area for American shad. From the late
1800s to the mid-1900s, shad was the most
economically valuable food fish harvested in MD
and VA waters. MD declared the shad commercially
endangered and shut the fishery in 1980, but
despite hatchery rearing and release, only 19,912
shad reached the Conowingo dam in 2007, the
lowest level since 1993 reflecting a seven year
decline.
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How Are Blue Crabs Doing?
IN 2008, MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA GOVERNORS
PETITION FEDS TO DECLARE CRAB FISHERY A DISASTER
FEDS COMPLY WITH 20 MILLION IN AID. THE REAL
DISASTER THE FAILURE IN LEADERSHIP TO REGULATE
HARVEST RESTORE THE BAY TO PREVENT FISHERY
COLLAPSES.
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BAY GRASSES
In 2007, Bay grasses covered nearly 65,000 acres
or just 35 of the 185,000-acre restoration
goal. Bay grasses are essential for crabs
with 40X the abundance of juvenile crabs as
compared to barren bottom.
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ROCKFISH RECOVERY WAS ACHIEVED AFTER SEVERE
HARVEST RESTRICTIONS, INCLUDING MORATORIUM IN
CHESAPEAKE BAY
BUT NOW THERE ARE CONCERNS OVER NUTRITION RELATED
TO DEPLETED MENHADEN STOCKS AND DISEASE. 2008
YOUNG-OF-YEAR INDEX SLUMPED TO 3.2, LOWEST LEVEL
FOR YOUNG FISH SINCE 1990.
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Chesapeake's Rockfish Overrun by Disease
Epidemic Hits Species Hailed for Revival, Then
Weakened by Polluted Waters By Elizabeth
Williamson, Washington Post Staff Writer,
Saturday, March 11, 2006 Page A01 A wasting
disease that kills rockfish and can cause a
severe skin infection in humans has spread to
nearly three-quarters of the rockfish in the
Chesapeake Bay, cradle of the mid-Atlantic's most
popular game fish. The disease also sends a grim
message about the entire bay ecosystem. The
rockfish remains bay conservationists' only
success story -- a species nearly wiped out, then
revived by fishing limits. But as the number of
rockfish surged, the fish remained in a body of
water too polluted to support the level of life
it once did.
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MYCOBACTERIOSIS (Chronic Wasting Disease) AFFECTS
MORE THAN 50 OF ROCKFISH
MYCOBACTERIUM MARINUM EATS FISH TISSUE
HUMAN HEALTH ADVISORIES LIMIT THE CONSUMPTION
OF ROCKFISH BAYWIDE DUE TO MERCURY CONTAMINATION
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A DECADE AFTER PFIESTERIA HYSTERIA, SERIOUS
HUMAN ILLNESSES REGULARY OCCUR FROM BAY WATER
CONTACT AND HANDLING FISH.
Mycobacterium marinum
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BERNIE VOITH AT HIS DOCK ON PLUM CREEK OFF THE
SEVERN RIVER
BERNIE HAS SWAM AND FISHED THE WATERS OF THE BAY
FOR 50 YEARS
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• BERNIE VOITHS RIGHT LEG FROM BACTERIAL
  INFECTION CONTRACTED IN JULY 2005 WHEN HE
  SCRATCHED HIS LEG IN PLUM CREEK OFF THE SEVERN
  RIVER IN HIS BACKYARD. THE ENTEROBACTER NEARLY
  COST BERNIE HIS LIFE. BERNIE WILL NEVER GO IN
  THE WATER AGAIN.
• FORMER AA COUNCIL WOMAN BARBARA SAMORAJCZYK
  SCRAPPED HER LEG IN HER BACKYARD ON LAKE OGLETON
  AND HAD TWO ABCESSES IN HER LEG REQUIRING MONTHS
  OF MEDICAL TREATMENT.
• STAFF AT ARLINGTON ECHO ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
  CENTER ON THE SEVERN RIVER HAVE HAD SIMILAR LEG
  INFECTIONS AND SCHOOL CHILDREN AT THE COUNTYS
  MAIN ENV. ED. FACILITY CAN NO LONGER GO IN THE
  WATER.

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SEVERN RIVER LAND USE POLLUTION SOURCES
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Three key water quality measures for a healthy
Bay all linked to reducing nutrients and sediment

• Water Clarity light for underwater Bay grasses
• Chlorophyll a fish food, and fewer algae blooms
• Dissolved Oxygen for fish, crabs and oysters

Together, these three criteria define the
conditions necessary to protect the wide variety
of the Bays living resources and their habitats
and to remove the Bays waters from the Clean
Water Act EPA impaired waters list.
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DISSOLVED OXYGEN IS CRITICAL FOR LIVING
RESOURCES BUT DECLINED FROM 37 OF GOAL IN 2006
TO 12 IN 2007.
41
GOOD WATER CLARITY IS NEEDED FOR BAY GRASSES TO
THRIVE (CRAB NURSERIES).
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JUST WHEN YOU THOUGHT IT COULD NOT GET ANY
WORSE
IT DOES! ANNE ARUNDEL POPULATION HAS
INCREASED BY MORE THAN 4X SINCE 1950 WITH LOSS OF
42,000 FORESTED ACRES 1986-1999, AND 536 ACRES OF
WETLANDS (1973-2002) 125 MORE HOUSING UNITS
1970-PRESENT.
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DEVELOPMENT UNDERMINING RESTORATION EPA
INSPECTOR GENERAL REPORT (Sept.
2007) (09/13/2007) E ENews Rapid development in
the Chesapeake Bay watershed is hindering federal
and state efforts to stanch the flow of nutrients
and sediments into the bay and its tributaries,
U.S. EPA's inspector general said in a report
today. As a result, the cleanup effort -- aimed
at removing the bay from EPA's list of impaired
waters by 2010 -- won't meet its goal until 2028
at earliest, the report says. BASE REALIGNMENT
AND CLOSURE ACT (BRAC) BRAC will generate the
single largest job growth in Maryland since the
end of World War IIat least 45,000 and as many
as 60,000 jobs. MDP expects 28,176 new MD
BRAC households. Army EIS on BRAC impacts
around Ft. Meade projects a population increase
of 41,000 with 33 acres of new parking lots just
for new office structures. Growth
concentrated in two counties, Harford (APG) and
AA (Ft. Meade).
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IF CURRENT DEVELOPMENT TRENDS CONTINUE, AN
ADDITIONAL 250,000 ACRES OF WATERSHED LAND WILL
BECOME IMPERVIOUS BETWEEN 2000 AND 2010 AND 9.5
MILLION MORE ACRES OF FORESTS WILL BE THREATENED
BY DEVELOPMENT BY 2030. EPA CHESAPEAKE BAY
PROGRAM, APRIL 3, 2008
NITROGEN LOADING IS 16X GREATER THAN 1607 AND
PHOSPHORUS LOADING 30X GREATER. ONE ACRE
PARKING LOT PRODUCES 40X THE RUNOFF OF ONE
FORESTED ACRE.
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JULY 2008 EPA INSPECTOR GENERALS REPORT FAULTS
AGENCY'S BAY EFFORTS. Baltimore Sun. July 17,
2008. Yesterday's report is one of several
released in recent years that has been critical
of the EPA's Chesapeake Bay cleanup strategy. A
Government Accountability Office report released
in 2005 criticized the bay program for painting
too rosy a picture of cleanup successes. Investi
gators with the Environmental Protection Agency's
inspector general found and cited several new
problems with the bay's cleanup, including
uncontrolled land development, the limited
implementation of agricultural conservation
practices, and the inability to control air
emissions that are adversely affecting bay water
quality.
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AVERAGE EDGE-OF-FIELD NITROGEN FLOWS IFROM CORN
IS ESTIMATED AT 30 LBS PER ACRE HAYFIELD 6 LBS.
SPIKE IN ROW CROP PRODUCTION INCREASES NUTRIENT,
SEDIMENT LOADS TO BAY RECORD PRICES SPURRING
FARMERS IN WATERSHED TO WORK IDLE LAND, USE MORE
FERTILIZER BAY JOURNAL OCTOBER 2008 An analysis
of USDA figures by the Bay Journal indicate that
about 65,000 additional acres Baywide were plowed
for crops this year than in 2006. The increased
crop acreage, coupled with more intensive
production from those fields, had the potential
to increase runoff from row crops by 8 million to
9 million pounds of nitrogen since 2005, an
average of nearly 3 million pounds a year. In
comparison, nitrogen reductions from all sources
in the watershed have averaged about 3.5 million
pounds per year. "The combination of land use
change and intensification will start canceling
out nutrient reductions. REASON ETHANOL
FOOD SHORTAGE.
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• 17 Million People Live in the Bay Watershed
  w/154,000 more per year 2000-07
• In last Decade, 8 population growth 41
  impervious surface increase
• Lost 50 of wetlands and 40 of forests forests
  are fragmented
• Bay watershed in 1607 was 95 forested, now at
  58, 41 in Maryland
• From 1982-1997, 750,000 acres of forest were
  converted to development
• Maryland lost 141,000 acres of forest,1986-1999
  (6)

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Maryland Land Area in the Chesapeake Bay
Watershed
50

Chesapeake Bay Watershed PopulationGROWING BY
170,000 MORE PEOPLE PER YEAR
Exacerbating the sheer numbers is the sprawl 39
of Marylands157 towns and cities LOST
population from 2000-2006, while Maryland
population grew by 6.
Human population in the Chesapeake Bay watershed
has more than doubled since 1950 from 8.1 million
to 16.9 million in 19004 million. Population
projected to increase to nearly 20 million by
2030. BRAC 80,000 more people in Maryland.
Native American population in Chesapeake Bay in
1607 30,000, perhaps 100,000 in entire
watershed.
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SMART GROWTH IS NOT WORKING
75 OF ALL LAND DEVELOPED FOR RESIDENTIAL USES
SINCE 1997 HAVE BEEN OUTSIDE PFAS. AVERAGE
LOT SIZE OUTSIDE PFAS IS INCREASING SINCE
1999. AVERAGE LOT SIZE FOR DEVELOPMENT INSIDE
PFAS IS INCREASING, REACHING .281 ACRES IN 2004,
THE HIGHEST IN 15 YEARS.
62 PROJECTS EXEMPTED FROM FUNDING REQUIRMENTS
ONLY FOR PFAS.
LACK OF THOROUGH MONITORING OF STATE FUNDING
UNDRMINES ABILITY TO TRACK AND MEASURE SUCCESS.
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LAND (AB)USE
In 1920, Baltimore 51 of MD population In
1950, Baltimore was 6th largest U.S. City , with
41 of MD population at 949,708 In 2006,
Baltimore 11 of MD population at 631,365, 19th
largest U.S. City Net loss of Baltimore's
population (1950-2006) 33.5 while Maryland
population grew from 2.343 million to 5.616
million, or 2.4X THE LAW PUNISHES THE THIEF
WHO STEALS THE GOOSE FROM THE COMMONS, BUT THE
GREATER THIEF THE LAW LETS LOOSE WHO STEALS THE
COMMONS FROM THE GOOSE. 17th century English
folk saying.
53
FOREST COVERAGE IN MARYLAND 1973-2002
FROM 1973-2002, MARYLAND LOST 249,000 ACRES OF
FOREST MOSTLY TO RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT (LOW
DENSITY 1). 8,300 ACRES OF FOREST LOST
ANNUALLY IN MARYLAND. ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY LED THE
WAY WITH A LOSS OF 42,000 ACRES OR 33 OF ITS
FOREST FROM 1986-1999. TO SAVE THE BAY WE MUST
SAVE THE FORESTS
54
Agriculture in Maryland and the Bay watershed is
the greatest pollution source Bay-wide, 72 of
the sediment load, 42 of the Nitrogen, and 46
of the Phosphorus. Ag pollution is the most
cost-effective to reduce.
55
CHICKEN FARMING PRODUCES 1 BILLION POUNDS OF
MANURE AND 6 MILLION POUNDS OF BAY NITROGEN
POLLUTION  ON MARYLAND'S EASTERN SHORE, 10 OF
ALL N IN MARYLAND 57 of streams on the E. Shore
impaired by fecal coliform 50 with nitrogen
pollution 3X the level harmful to aquatic life,
33 of wells with excess nitrate levels above EPA
safe drinking water levels. One chicken farm
with 150,000 birds produces at least 2 million
pounds of manure a year, equivalent to human
waste from a city of 25,000 people.
MUCH OF THE MANURE AND FERTILIZER IS
PLACED ON BARE FIELDS BEFORE CROPS GROW MAKING IT
MORE VULNERABLE TO RUNOFF Farmers who raise
chickens in Maryland - as well as grain and
vegetable growers who use poultry litter as
fertilizer - receive minimal, if any, oversight
from the state. Baltimore Sun,, October 14,
2007.
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MYTHS Once farm land ceases to be used as
farmland, it is always converted to development.
FACT While much farmland was developed, from
1982-1997, 889,000 acres of cropland and
pastureland reverted to forest. Another 213,000
acres of forest was converted to farmland. 40
of all Bay forests are on farms. The conversion
of farmland to housing or commercial development
always results in more pollutants (nutrients
and sediment) flowing to the Bay. FACT
Farmland, especially cropland using animal
manure, produce more nutrients and sediment per
acre on average than most developed uses,
especially where the development employs good
stormwater management. There is widespread
adoption of sound nutrient management and BMPs to
reduce nutrient and sediment flows on the vast
majority of farmland in Maryland and the other
Bay states. FACT No more than 30-40 of
farmland is under BMPs and proper nutrient
management so as to achieve Trib Strategies goals
and the Chesapeake 2000 goals to remove the Bay
from the CWA impaired waters list. 90-95 of
farmland would have to be under sound BMPs to
achieve the requisite caps for nutrients and
sediment. Greatly increasing money for farmers
to adopt the requisite BMPs without mandatory
requirements to implement them with appropriate
enforcement will achieve the necessary reductions
in nutrients and sediment flows. FACT No
environmental program has been successful in
gaining such substantial pollution reductions
without mandatory laws/regulations and their
proper enforcement.
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EPA INSPECTOR GENERALS REPORT July 2008
Findings The Report notes that there has been
limited implementation of agricultural
conservation practices.few of the agricultural
practices in the trib strategies have been
implemented this despite the expenditure of
250 million from 2003 to 2005 by USDA for
conservation practices and another 11 million by
the EPA. The Report also notes that the new
farm bill has 405 million over the next 10 years
for conservation programs in the Bay watershed,
but that the increased growing of corn for
ethanol is estimated by the CBC to add as much as
5 million pounds of nitrogen to the Bay annually.
65 of the reductions in N, 60 in P, and 86 in
S must come from ag under the trib strategies.

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213,000 ACRES OF FOREST WERE CONVERTED TO
AGRICULTURAL USES, BUT 889,000 ACRES OF AG LAND
REVERTED TO FOREST FOR A NET INCREASE OF 676,000
ACRES OF FOREST FROM AG LANDS.
59
2006 Nitrogen Loads (lbs/acre) Nonpoint
SourceAll Jurisdictions
For corn, average of 30 lbs of N loss per acre
per year 4 lbs of P. Soybeans 22.5 lbs of N
loss per acre per year 4 lbs of P.
60
2006 Phosphorus Loads (lbs/acre) Nonpoint
SourceAll Jurisdictions
NOTE URBAN RUNOFF DATA INCLUDES LEGACY
PHOSPHORUS, ALREADY IN WATER
61
2006 Sediment Loads (lbs/acre) Nonpoint
SourceAll Jurisdictions
NOTE URBAN RUNOFF DATA INCLUDES LEGACY
SEDIMENT, ALREADY IN WATER.
62
"Today, fully seven years after Maryland first
adopted mandatory nutrient management
regulations, the state has largely failed to
implement the Water Quality Improvement Act. In
effect, Maryland continues to operate under a
system of voluntary compliance with the
regulations."  Anne Marie Herbst, MIT grad
student, 2005 Masters Thesis on the 1998 WQIA.
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EPA INSPECTOR GENERALS REPORT July 2008
Findings The Report notes that there has been
limited implementation of agricultural
conservation practices.few of the agricultural
practices in the trib strategies have been
implemented this despite the expenditure of
250 million from 2003 to 2005 by USDA for
conservation practices and another 11 million by
the EPA. The Report also notes that the new
farm bill has 405 million over the next 10 years
for conservation programs in the Bay watershed,
but that the increased growing of corn for
ethanol is estimated by the CBC to add as much as
5 million pounds of nitrogen to the Bay annually.
65 of the reductions in N, 60 in P, and 86 in
S must come from ag under the trib strategies.

64
Runoff from Developed Areas Contributes 16 of
the Nitrogen, 17 of Phosphorus, and 10 of
Sediment Flowing to the Bayand is Increasing.
Impervious surface fee needed to address this.
COST OF RETROFITTINMG DEVELOPED AREAS FOR BETTER
STORMWATER CONTROL IS EXTREMELY EXPENISVE
65-267 PER LB OF NITROGEN AND 767 TO 1,495
PER LB. OF PHOSPHORUS. NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT BMPs
ON AG LAND 1.66 PER LB OF NITROGEN 28.26 FOR
LB OF PHOSPORUS URBAN FOREST BUFFERS ARE BEST AT
53 PER LB. OF NITROGEN.
65
To meet the required reductions in nutrients in
Maryland, the Tributary Strategies call for 40
(32 Bay-wide) of the phosphorus reductions and
13 (18 Bay-wide) of the nitrogen reductions to
come from urban/suburban runoff improvements. 
1.515 billion called for in Trib
Strategies This is impossible without a
significant amount of new funding.  A dedicated
fund with an impervious surface fee is the most
logical funding source.
66
WONT YOU PLEASE HELP ME? YES, YOU.
67
THREE KEYS TO RESTORE THE SEVERN
I. Reduce our individual pollutant loads. II.
Change development patterns through State and
local land use legislation and establish no net
loss of forest. III. Require stormwater
retrofits and no net pollution in new
development, fix septic, and requiren new septic
to be state-of-the art. . IV. Require mandatory
controls and BMPs for agricultural pollutants,
including advanced nutrient management and better
animal manure management.  
68

• PLAN OF ACTION FOR COUNTY COUNCIL STATE
  LEGISLATURE
• I. ENACT IMPERVIOUS SURFACE FEE FOR NEW AND
  EXISTING DEVELOPED LANDS DEDICATED TO STORMWATER
  RETROFIT FOREST BUFFERS, WITH A STORMWATER
  UTILITY TO ADMINSTER THE FUND AND THE MANDATORY
  RETROFITS.
• II. REQUIRE STATE-OF-THE ART STORMWATER
  MANAGEMENT IN NEW DEVELOPMENT AND RETENTION OF
  FOREST COVERNO NET INCREASE IN RUNOFF VOLUME OR
  RATE FROM NEW DEVELOPMENT.
• III. ENACT COMPREHENSIVE STATE LOCAL GROWTH
  MANAGEMENT LEGISLATION SIMILAR TO 1991 BARNES
  COMMISSION 2020 BILL CRITCIAL AREA.
• IV. ESTABLISH A NO NET LOSS OF FOREST POLICY
  W/100 RIPARIAN BUFFER PROTECTION, REPLANTING
  OF BUFFERS.
• V. REQUIRE NEW DEVELOPMENT TO KEEP OR PLANT
  FOREST BUFFERS OF AT LEAST 100' AROUND ALL
  STREAMS AND THE RIVER. 

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SEVERN INITIATIVES PACKAGE

• VI. USE PROGRAM OPEN SPACE, RURAL LEGACY AND
  OTHER FUNDING FOR MAJOR EXPENDITURES FOR
  PRESERVATION OF FORESTS FORESTED BUFFER
  CREATION THROUGHOUT THE WATERSHED, INCLUDING
  DEVELOPED ACREAGE.
• VII. STRENGTHEN CRITICAL AREA LAW AND SEDIMENT
  CONTROL LAW IN COUNTY AND THEIR ENFORCEMENT AND
  OTHER LAND USE LAWS AND HIRE A FULL TIME
  INPSECTOR WITH A VESSEL TO ENFORCE.
• VIII. TIGHTEN REQUIREMENTS FOR FARM NUTRIENT
  MANAGEMENT PLANS AND REQUIRE MANDATORY BMPs AND
  THEIR IMPLEMENTATION AND MDE INSPECTION ON FARMS.
• IX. AS A CONDITION OF RECEIVING ANY STATE FUNDS
  FOR AG LAND PRESERVATION, MET EASEMENTS, MACS
  GRANTS, COVER CROP GRANTS, MANURE MANAGEMENT
  GRANTS, REQUIRE FARMERS TO HAVE A COMPREHENSIVE
  NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PLAN AND CERTIFY THAT IT IS
  BEING FULLY IMPLEMENTED.
• PROMOTE RAPID IMPLEMENTATION OF FLUSH TAX TO
  UPGRADE SEWERAGE TREATMENT PLANTS IN AA
  COUNTY--ANNAPOLIS BROADNECK ESPECIALLY.

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• REQUIRE ALL NEW AND REPLACED SEPTIC SYSTEMS TO BE
  STATE-OF-THE-ART NITROGEN REMOVAL SYSTEMS AND
  SYSTEMICALLY REQUIRE THE REPLACEMENT OF EXISTING
  SEPTIC SYSTEMS WITH STATE FLUSH TAX GRANTS (17
  MILLION CURRENTLY AVAILABLE). 30 OF NITROGEN
  FLOWING TO THE SEVERN IS FROM THE 29 OF HOUSING
  AND BUSINESSES ON SEPTIC.

ONLY THE ADOPTION OF BOLD NEW MEASURES WILL SAVE
THE SEVERN AND THE BAY. WE CAN RESTORE THE
SEVERNS 81 SQ. MI. WATERSHED AND ITS 140 MILES
OF STREAMS, BUT STRONG, EVEN RADICAL ACTION IS
NECESSARY.
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1. move out of the watershed. If you cannot or
will not2. Conserve energy and waterprevent
air pollution that poisons the Bay. Control
thermostats, use compact fluorescent bulbs, turn
lights and computers off when not in use, drive
less, and use a fuel efficient car. 3. Reduce,
re-use, recycle and purchase recycled products.
4. GREEN your home, schools, houses of
worship, work place (what about the impervious
surface runoff here at Hdqrts of bay Program?) ,
--plant forested buffers, retrofit stormwater
system, green roof, rain gardens, energy
conservation practices, limited use of nutrients
and pesticides, implement water conservation, use
flow restrictors on all faucets and showerheads,
reduce, re-reuse, recycle.5. Educate yourself,
join conservation groups, speak out and become
active.6. Support legislation at the county
and state level to restore the Bay, including
mandatory controls on agricultural pollutants, no
net loss of forest law, and growth control
legislation.

• WHAT CAN I DO TO SAVE THE BAY?

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THE BAY IS IN DISMAL SHAPE

OUR NATURAL HERITAGE IS BEING SQUANDERED 25
YEARS AFTER THE FIRST BAY AGREEMENT, BAY
RESTORATION EFFORTS ARE FAILING BOLD,
COMPREHENSIVE INITIATIVES ARE NEEDED TO
CURB GROWTH DEVELOPMENT POLLUTION AND
AGRICULTURAL POLLUTANTS
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CATFISH FROM SOUTH RIVER WITH CANCEROUS LESION
THESE ARE SOME OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF
CONTINUING CURRENT EFFORTS TO RESTORE THE BAY
WITHOUT RADICAL CHANGE
BERNIES INFECTED LEG ROCKFISH
W/MYCOBATERIOSIS
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THE TRUTH? YOU WANT THE TRUTH? SON, YOU CANT
HANDLE THE TRUTH. Jack Nicholson as Guantanamo
Bay Marine Corps Colonel on Witness Stand to Tom
Cruise, Navy JAG Lt., in A FEW GOOD MEN.
WILL WE SAVE THE BAY, THE SEVERN? NO, NOT UNLESS
THERE IS NEW, BOLD LEADERSHIP LEADING TO RADICAL
CHANGES IN CONTROLLING DEVELOPMENT AND CURBING
FARM POLLUTANTS.