The Jeffersonian Republic 9

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The Jeffersonian Republic (9)

• Regional Identities
• The West
• White settlement
• Indian People revitalization
• Commercial Capitalism
• Jeffersonian Ascendancy
• Republican principles
• Louisiana Purchase, 1803
• Lewis and Clark Expedition
• The Barbary War

Tenskwatawa the Prophet
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Learning Outcomes Jeffersonian Republic

• Understand to what degree the election of 1800
  reversed the Federalist course
• Understand the growth of nationalism
• Comprehend the struggles of Native peoples to
  preserve traditional cultures
• Account for the issues of the War of 1812 and the
  peace following
• Think of the various ways Republican express
  their nationalism
• Be able to describe the passing of the
  revolutionary generation and newly emerging
  cultural and political patterns by the 1820s

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The Jeffersonian Republic (9)

• John Marshall and Judicial review
• Second term crisis
• Burr Conspiracy
• Slave Trade
• Foreign Affairs
• Neutral rights again
• The Embargo
• Madison
• the Young Republicans
• The Strange War of 1812

Battle of New Orleans Eugene Louis Lami, 1839
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The Jeffersonian Republic

• Preview Jefferson supported his agrarian
  principles by acquiring the Louisiana territory.
  But increasingly he abandoned his earlier ideals
  of limited government in favor of more active
  nationalism.The growth in national power and
  pride was not halted, either by Pan-Indian
  alliance under Tecumseh or by Great Britain in
  the War of 1812.
• The Highlights
• Jefferson in Power
• Jefferson and Westward Expansion
• Whites and Indians on the Frontier
• The Second War for American Independence
• America Turns Inward

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Jefferson in Power

• The New Capital City
• Washington, D.C. replaced Philadelphia as the
  nations capital in 1800
• Isolation of swampy city reflected Jeffersons
  preference for decentralized government
• Jeffersons Character and Philosophy
• Jefferson maintained a fervent belief in human
  reason
• Jeffersons radicalism has been exaggerated
• Republican Principles
• Belief in limited government
• 1800 election established tradition of having an
  opposition party
• Jeffersons Economic Policies
• President made series of spending cuts
• National debt reduced from 83 million to 57
  million
• Failed to abolish Hamiltons program

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During his tenure on the bench, Marshall
extended judicial review to all acts of
government. It took time for the doctrine to be
accepted, but since Marshalls time the Supreme
Court has successfully defended its position as
the final judge of the meaning of the
Constitution.

• John Marshall and Judicial Review
• Judiciary Act of 1801 repealed by Congress in
  1802 by strict party vote
• Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice Marshall,
  established judicial review in Marbury v. Madison
  (1803)
• The Jeffersonian Attack on the Judiciary
• Republicans tried to scale back Adamss judicial
  appointments

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Jefferson and Western Expansion

• The Louisiana Purchase
• Surprise Spanish cession of Louisiana to France
  arrested American designs to acquire the
  territory
• Jefferson deployed Madison and Livingston to deal
  with the French for New Orleans
• Napoleon needed money, and offered the entire
  territory for 15 million
• Treaty ratified, 24 to 7

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The expedition fired the imagination of
Americans about the exotic lands of the newly
acquired Louisiana Purchase as well as the
Pacific Northwest.

• Lewis Clark
• 1804 Spring expedition left St. Louis to
  explore the Louisiana Territory
• 1806 Returned with
• valuable information
• about the West

Lewis Clark on Columbia River Gorge
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Settlers Indians on the Frontier

• The Course of White Settlement
• Treaty of Greenville had opened floodgates of
  settlers into the Ohio Territory
• Backcountry society began to mature
• A Changing Environment
• Massive deforestation altered plant and animal
  life
• Wests increasing population led to more disease

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• The Second Great Awakening
• Beginning in the late 1790s, the new religious
  revival swept the backcountry
• Revival reached its climax with camp meetings at
  Cane Ridge, Kentucky, in 1801
• African Americans attended revivals, spurring
  fear by slaveowners of growing egalitarianism
• Revivals were attractive to all groups because of
  the emotional escape they provided

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Camp Meeting
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• Pressure on Indian Lands Culture
• The Prophet, Tecumseh, the Pan-Indian Movement
  - Revitalization
• Increased white settlement caused the destruction
  of many Indian cultures Some Shawnees, under
  assault from white settlements, turned to
  religious movement in the late 1790s
• The Prophet, or Tenskwatawa, promoted isolation
  from whites
• Prophets older brother Tecumseh promoted
  political message of unity

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The Second War for American Independence
As Tecumseh worked to overcome obstacles to a
Pan-Indian alliance, Jefferson encountered his
own difficulties in trying to achieve American
political unity.

• The Barbary Pirates and Cultural Identities
• American perceptions of Islamic culture forged by
  dispute with Barbary states
• USS Philadelphia captured 1803
• Lt. Stephen Decatur blockade

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The Barbary Pirates
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• The Second War for American Independence
• Neutral Rights
• American shipping caught between the warring
  nations of France and Britain
• British navys policy of impressment caused a
  deterioration of relations
• Both Britain and France raided hundreds of
  American ships, 1803-1807
• The Embargo
• Embargo Act of 1807 prohibited American vessels
  in foreign ports and stopped exports
• Embargo was a huge economic disaster

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• Madison the Young Republicans
• The Madison Years
• Madison won the presidency in 1808, bringing
  tremendous experience to the position
• Madison often defers to others, which led to the
  War Hawks in Congress taking the lead in the
  party
• The Decision for War
• American anger focused on the British
• In June 1812, Congress declared war on Britain

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• The War of 1812
• National Unpreparedness
• U.S. Army navy too small under-funded to wage
  war
• 1812 dismal invasion of Canada
• Commander Perrys victory
• at Lake Erie improves
• American efforts

We owe allegiance to no crown.
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• The War of 1812
• A Chance Such as Will Never Occur Again
• Tecumseh tries to exploit the situation
• 1814 Creek allies defeated by Jackson, Horseshoe
  Bend
• Pan-Indian movement dies with Tecumsehs death,
  Battle of the Thames, 1813

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• The War of 1812
• The British Invasion
• British captures Washington in 1814

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• Andrew Jacksons victory, New Orleans - 1815

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• The War of 1812
• The Hartford Convention
• New Englanders meet, but victory at New Orleans
  steels the spotlight
• Treaty of Ghent ends the war

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American Turns Inward

• The Missouri Crisis
• Missouri Territorys possible admission into the
  Union in 1819 provoked national debate over
  slavery
• Missouri Compromise settled dispute, and
  established the 3630 line, north of which
  slavery could not exist

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• Monroes Presidency
• The Monroe Doctrine
• James Monroe won the election of 1816
• Transcontinental Treaty (1819) with Spain gave
  Florida to the United States
• Improved relations with Britain, 1810s
• Monroe affirmed Americas opposition to future
  European colonies in the Western Hemisphere
• The End of an Era
• End of foreign threat and beginning of American
  nationalism

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America Turns Inward

• The End of an Era
• Monroes Presidency
• Statecraft and John Quincy Adams
• Florida
• Transcontinental Treaty 1819
• The Monroe Doctrine, 1823
• Ill feelings in
• The Era of good Feeling

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Keywords and Terms (9)

• Tecumseh
• The Prophet
• Albert Gallatin
• Barbary States
• Chesapeake/Leopard, 1807
• Marbury v. Madison
• John Marshalls Judicial Nationalism
• Non-Intercourse Act
• War Hawks
• Embargo Act
• Aaron Burr

• William Henry Harrison
• Oliver H. Perry at Lake Erie
• Andrew Jackson
• Battle of New Orleans
• Daniel Webster
• Hartford Convention
• Treaty of Ghent
• Adams-Onis Treaty
• John Quincy Adams
• 1819 - Critical year

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Learning Outcomes Review Jeffersonian Republic

• Understand to what degree the election of 1800
  reversed the Federalist course
• Understand the growth of nationalism
• Comprehend the struggles of Native peoples to
  preserve traditional cultures
• Account for the issues of the War of 1812 and the
  peace following
• Think of the various ways Republican express
  their nationalism
• Be able to describe the passing of the
  revolutionary generation and newly emerging
  cultural and political patterns by the 1820s