Hydrogen Bonds The partially positive hydrogen atoms of one water molecule are attracted to the partially negative oxygen atoms of other nearby water molecules.

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Hydrogen BondsThe partially positive hydrogen
atoms of one water molecule are attracted to the
partially negative oxygen atoms of other nearby
water molecules.

• These attractive forces create weak bonds called
  hydrogen bonds.

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Organic contain carbon from living things
Inorganic ..lack carbon ..from non-living
things
Compounds Important to Life
Lipids
Protein
CaPO4
NaCl
CO2
Nucleic Acids
H2O
Carbohydrates
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H

H
Polar Molecule uneven charge
8 P
Magnet
-
Good Solvent dissolves polar molecules
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Adhesion attraction between different
substances
Cohesion attraction between same substances
H
H
Capillarity Spreads/moves upwards
O
O
H
H
Heats
Against gravity
Cools Slowly
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Water
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ContCarbohydrates
Variety of organic compounds
6P
Four electrons (e-) in the outer shell
Forms strong covalent bonds
-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-
Other Compounds
Polymer repeating linked units
Itself
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Carbohydrates
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Subunits are monosaccharides
Major Energy Source
Monosaccharide
Carbohydrates
Disaccharide
CHO
Polysaccharide
Always (121)
Form covalent bonds
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Made during
Photosynthesis
Glucose
Broken Down During
Cell Respiration
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Monosaccharide
Fructose
Sweetest Sugar
Simple Sugar
Galactose
Milk
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Sugar cane
Beets
Sucrose
Fructose


Glucose
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Di saccharide
Mono

Mono
Lactose
Galactose

Glucose

Double Sugars
Milk Milk Products
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Many
Poly saccharide
3 or more
Mono

Mono
Mono

Glycogen
Animal Starch

Glucose
Storage molecule for plants
Starch
Cellulose
glu
glu
glu
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IN P 30
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Proteins
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Function

• Complex polymers made of elements C H O N
• Transport oxygen
• Provide immunity
• Form muscle skin hair and nails
• Many chemicals needed for life

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Amino Acids

• Building blocks of proteins
• 20 Amino Acids vary in shape and size
• Linked by dehydration synthesis reaction (rxn)
• Form special covalent bond between amino acid
• Peptide bond OC-----N-H

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Structure
NH2
Amine group
H-C----R
Varies for each a.a.
HO C O
Carboxyl group (-COOH)
Each amino acid is a monomer linked together to
form polymer
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Amino Acid Supplements
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Enzymes

• Special proteins that speed up chemical rxns
• Involved in all life processes digestion energy
  storage and release making molecules

Substrate Reactant
Product
Enzyme Substrate Complex
Enzyme
Enzyme
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Enzymes

• Enzyme binds to substrate and weakens bonds
  product released enzyme not altered
• Substrate substance enzyme acts on
• Active site region where enzyme binds
• Lock and Key Model one specific enzyme for
  one rxn

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Lipids

• Fats Waxes Oils

C H O
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Functions

• Store E
• Conserve Heat
• Protect Vital Organs
• Chemical Messengers
• Cell Membranes

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Fatty Acids Building blocks of lipids

• Long Chains of C and H (4-24)
• One end contains Carboxyl Group (-COOH)

Hydrophilic water- loving
Hydrophobic water-fearing

• Other end

H
O

H C C C C C C C C C C
OH
H
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Fatty Acids cont. (Building Blocks)

• Saturated single bonds solid RT
• meat dairy
• Cholesterol clog arteries
• heart attack
• -C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-
• (SSSS)

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Building Blocks (cont.)

• Unsaturated double bonds
• liquid RT vegetable oils
• Cholesterol
• -C-CC-C-CC-C-C

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Glycerol Other Building Block

• Organic alcohol 3C and 3 OH
• 2 or 3 Fatty Acids attached

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Four Types

• Triglycerides 3 fatty acids glycerol
  (plant oil animal fat)
• Phospholipids 2 fatty acids polar and
  nonpolar ends (cell membranes)

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Four Types

• Waxes long chain fatty acid glycerol
  hydrophobic protective barrier for plants and
  animals
• Steroids 4 Carbon rings no fatty acids
• hormones (nerve tissue toad venom plant
  poison(cholesterol)

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Nucleic Acids
organic compounds that contain C H O
N Phosphorous covalently linked nucleotides
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Nucleotide 3 Parts(Sugar Phosphate Group
Nitrogen Base)
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Nucleotide3 parts
Monomer
Monomer
Monomer
Phosphate Group
Nitrogen Base
Monomer Monomer Monomer
5 Carbon Sugar

Polymer
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Two Kinds of Nucleic Acids

• RNA ribonucleic acid
• Stores info to make proteins
• DNAdeoxyribonucleic acid
• Controls heredity
• Stores info for cell activities