Environmental Science Unit One: Introduction to Environmental Science Chapter Two: Tools of Environm

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Environmental ScienceUnit One Introduction to
Environmental Science Chapter Two Tools of
Environmental Science

• C/S 2.1 Scientific Methods
• C/S 2.2 Statistics and Models
• C/S 2.3 Making Informed Decisions

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The three parts of an experiment are
Two ways that scientists organize data are
3rd Step Experimenting
4th Step Organizing and Analyzing Data
Scientists often use what type of tools to
differentiate meanings?
What did the students from Keene High School
discover?
What is needed to test a hypothesis?
5th Step Drawing Conclusions
A hypothesis should make logical and follow from
6th Step Repeating Experiments
The more an experiment can be repeated the more
it is.
A hypothesis must be able to be
7th Step Communicating Results
2nd Step Hypothesizing and Predicting
The Experiment Method
What does a scintific article include?
What forms can observations take?
The tools for observation are
Chapter 2. Section 1 Scientific Methods
1st Step Observing What senses are used in
observation?
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What are two reasons why a scientist would choose
to use a correlation method in place of an
experiment
When a question cannot be answered by performing
an experiment what method is used?
Correlations do not necessarily cause
The Correlation Method
Scientists become more sure about their
conclusions if
Chapter 2. Section 1 Scientific Methods
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Chapter 2. Section 1 Scientific Methods
Why is it so important for a scientist to be
curious?
Curiosity
What can a creative scientist with some
imagination do?
Imagination and Creativity
Scientific Habits of Mind
The Habit of Skepticism
Openness to New Ideas
Why is it important to not believe everything you
are told?
What does it mean to be ethically moral in the
world of science?
How can an open mind help science?
Skepticism can go with being open to new ideas.
Intellectual Honesty
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How is probability expressed?
A statistical population is
Probability
Scientists rely on and use statistics to .
A bell shaped curve indicates means data are
grouped
Mean
How Scientists use Statistics
provides a
Sample Size
Chapter 2. Section 2 Statistics and Models
Distribution
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How does the news use statistics?
Statistics in Everyday Life
Risk
Chapter 2. Section 2 Statistics and Models
Look at figure 11. List from highest to lowest,
risks of oil pollution.
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Chapter 2. Section 2 Statistics and Models
Models
Physical Models
Conceptual Models (example)
Models
Graphical models (examples)
The most useful models teach
Conceptual models can be
Mathematical model
What kind of model is a model of an atom?
Used to show
How good are mathematical models?
Where are mathematical models useful?
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Values of Decision Making
Decision-making model
An Environmental Decision Making Model
Figure 16 Decision making model
Chapter 2. Section 3 Making Informed Decisions
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A Hypothetical Situation
What kinds of ideas/situations need to be
considered when making a decision?
Chapter 2. Section 3 Making Informed Decisions
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Chapter 2. Section 3 Making Informed Decisions
Make a Decision
How to Use the Decision-Making Model
Gather Information
How would you vote for the Nature Preserve?
Where from?
Write down 4 of your values in decision making.
Make sure to consider consequences of your
decision.
Explore Consequences
Consider Values
What was more important to Michael short term or
long term consequences?
Three Values vs. Consequences in table 4