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Chapter 6 Motherboards

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Title: Chapter 6 Motherboards


1
Chapter 6Motherboards
  • IS 148 A Certification
  • Hardware

2
Motherboard Form Factor
  • The form factor determines the general layout,
    size, and feature placement on a motherboard.
  • Different form factors usually require different
    style cases.
  • Differences between form factors can include
    physical size and shape, mounting hole location,
    feature placement, power supply connectors, and
    others.

3
More Form Factor
  • Form factor is a description of the size,
    configuration, or physical arrangement of a
    computer hardware object.
  • The term is commonly used in describing the size
    and/or arrangement of a computer case or chassis.


4
Motherboard
  • A motherboard provides the frame work on which
    all the computer components and ports are
    mounted.
  • Every device in a computer system connects either
    directly or indirectly to the motherboard.
  • A motherboard may be referred to as the system
    board.

5
Early Motherboard Form Factor
  • AT Full sized motherboard used primarily for
    larger internal space cases like a tower.
    Introduced in 1984
  • Baby AT Reduced physical size board, the
    component parts were rearranged to fit
    smaller size cases.
  • AT stands for Advanced Technology

6
AT Form Factor
7
Current Form Factor
  • ATX Introduced in 1996 and by 1998 the ATX
    overtook the AT to became the most popular
    mother board form factor.
  • The ATX is the same size as the baby AT.
  • Components are rotated 90 degrees on the board
    and it lacks the large AT keyboard port.
  • Uses one power connector.
  • ATX is the most popular currently manufactured
    motherboard.
  • ATX is advanced Technology Extension

8
Early ATX Form Factor board
9
ATX Motherboard Form FactorPage 213 Figure 6.6
10
ATX Ports Figure 6.7 Page 214
11
Distinguishing Features
  • AT board
  • Only port is for a keyboard
  • Uses two connectors for the power supply.
  • 9 x 13 inches
  • ATX board
  • Has multiple on board ports
  • Uses one connector for the power supply.
  • 12 x 9.6 inches
  • Mini ATX board is 11.2 x 8.2 inches

12
ATX Power Connector
13
Pentium 4 Motherboard
  • CNR Slot

14
Chaintech 7NIF2 Motherboard
  • 3 PCI slots
  • 3 GB RAM
  • AGP 8.x
  • Firewire
  • nForce2 chipset
  • Super I/O chip
  • Specifications

15
Motherboard Chip Set Page 217
  • If the CPU is the brain of your PC, the chipset
    is its heart. It controls the flow of bits that
    travel between the CPU, system memory, and the
    motherboard bus.
  • Efficient data transfers, fast expansion bus
    support, and advanced power management features
    are just a few of the responsibilities of the
    system chipset .

16
Chipset Varieties Page 217
  • The chipset defines the capabilities of a
    motherboard in regard to
  • Processor type
  • Memory type and capacity (RAM)
  • Types of internal and external supported
  • Expansion bus types supported

17
Chipset Example Text page 219
18
VIA Chips
19
Chip Set Pieces
  • Today most chipsets consist of two primary chips
  • Northbridge
  • Southbridge
  • A third chip referred to as a Super I/O chip
    provides support for legacy devices.

20
Bridge Review
  • Northbridge
  • Provides support so the CPU can work with RAM.
  • Usually hidden under a heatsink
  • Southbridge
  • Provides support for some expansion devices
  • Provides support for mass storage devices

21
The Super I/O chip
  • Handles the slower I/O operations no longer
    processed by the Southbridge.
  • Examples are
  • Floppy Drive Controller
  • Serial Ports
  • Parallel Ports
  • I/R Ports
  • Keyboard
  • Modems

22
Chipset Drivers
  • The system ROM provides of the BIOS for the
    chipset.
  • To use all the features of a motherboard it is
    necessary to load the correct drivers for the OS
    being used by the system.
  • All motherboards ship with a CD ROM containing
    drivers, support programs and other optional
    software.

23
Chipset Manufacturers
  • Six companies produce most of the chipsets used
    on Intel and AMD motherboards
  • Intel
  • VIA
  • AMD
  • SiS
  • Ali
  • NVIDIA

24
Other Terms for the Bridges Page 219
  • Northbridge
  • Intel Memory Controller Hub
  • AMD System Controller
  • Southbridge
  • Intel I/O Controller Hub
  • AMD Peripheral Bus Controller

25
  • Begin Part 2 chapter 6

26
Building A Typical New Computer
  • Typically when building a new computer decisions
    will be made in the order of
  • CPU
  • Motherboard
  • Case
  • RAM

27
Motherboard Options To Consider
  • Can a suitable motherboard and CPU be purchased
    as a set from one supplier?
  • What I/O bus systems are required?
  • USB and Firewire
  • Serial Hard drive
  • Comm and Parallel ports
  • What type and how much motherboard RAM is needed?
  • Video Card - 8x AGP
  • Sound Card surround sound

28
Selecting A Case For The Computer
  • Choose a case that specifically lists the form
    factor of the chosen motherboard.
  • Pay close attention to the wattage rating of any
    power supplies packaged with a case.
  • Ease of assembly and service should be
    considered.
  • Front panel and side panel removal
  • Tray or pan for mounting the motherboard
  • Cases are available in a wide range of prices.
  • Adamant.com

29
Cases
  • Cases follow the AT, ATX standards too.
  • Cases come in five basic sizes
  • slim-line
  • desktop
  • mini-tower
  • mid-tower
  • tower
  • If possible you should physically check to
    confirm that the motherboard will fits in the
    case you select.

30
Flex ATX Motherboard
  • The motherboard form factor standard FlexATX was
    adopted in 1999 and is suitable for very small
    housings (as opposed to the standard office PC
    form factor ATX).
  • At 9.0 x 7.5, FlexATX is around 43 smaller
    than ATX and 30 smaller than microATX
    motherboards, enabling correspondingly more
    compact housings or embedded systems to be used.

31
The Motherboard Book
  • All individually packaged motherboards come with
    a manual known as the motherboard book.
  • This is you best source of information about
    capabilities and jumper settings for the MB.
  • If the motherboard is manufactured by a reliable
    company the motherboard information will also be
    available on line.
  • Drivers should also be available for download
    from their web site.

32
Upgrade An Existing Computer
  • Questions to be answered
  • New CPU?
  • Changing Motherboard Form Factors?
  • New RAM type?
  • Changing cases?
  • Adding new technology?
  • Follow similar decision making process a with
    building a new computer.

33
Removable Face or Bezel
34
Motherboard Tray
35
Removing the Motherboard
  • Remove all of the I/O cards, use ESD caution
  • Remove obstructing drives
  • Remove the power supply (only if necessary)
  • Document the purpose of clip on wires running to
    the MB from the case.
  • Unscrew the old motherboard and remove from the
    case. ESD Caution.
  • The motherboard mounts to the case with small
    connectors called standouts. (standoffs)

36
Installing the New Motherboard
  • Install the CPU and RAM on the new motherboard
    before putting it in the case
  • Mount the new motherboard in the case
  • Reinstall the hard drive(s), power supply, and so
    forth that had to be removed to get the old
    motherboard out
  • Insert the power connections and other wires
  • Test!

37
LED and Switch Connections
  • Typical connections required
  • Soft power
  • Reset button
  • Speaker
  • HD activity LED
  • Power on LED
  • These connections have a polarity.
  • Incorrectly connecting will prevent the indicator
    LED from lighting

38
Soft Power
  • The on/off function of the power supply is a
    software function rather than a mechanical
    switch.
  • This connection must be made from the case switch
    to the motherboard before the computer can be
    started.
  • Soft power is the only case connection required
    to start the computer.
  • The lead may be labeled Power, Power On, or PS
    On.

39
Problems With Motherboards
  • Problems generally fall into three categories
  • Catastrophic Failures
  • Component or Card failure
  • Unknown Cause - Intermittent Ethereal

40
Troubleshooting Technique
  • Troubleshooting requires
  • An understanding of the technology
  • A logical approach to identifying a problem
  • Time
  • Patience
  • Organization

41
End Chapter 6 - Questions?
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