What does literacy mean to those who are illiterate today Chameli Waiba Nepal Read Handout http:www.

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What does literacy mean to those who are
illiterate today? Chameli Waiba Nepal --
Read Handout http//www.npr.org/templates/story/st
ory.php?storyId100677646
I realized the power concealed in the alphabet
on the very first day I joined the adult literacy
class.
Exam 1 will be on our homepage today at 2 PM
and will also be distributed in all sections
this week.
Quick Write 4 on Thursday
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Democratic nations share some concepts of
citizen rights and responsibilities. Green
free Tan partly free Red not free
40 democratic countries in 1972 121
democratic countries today
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What does literacy mean to those who are
illiterate today? Chameli Waiba Nepal --
Read Handout http//www.npr.org/templates/story/st
ory.php?storyId100677646
I realized the power concealed in the alphabet
on the very first day I joined the adult
literacy class.
4
In the past 10 years,Greg Mortensenhas built 78
schoolsin Pakistan andAfghanistan
http//www.threecupsoftea.com/ Central Asia
Institute has developed a school curriculum to
build global awareness and to raise money thru
Pennies for Peace
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(No Transcript)
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Liberty and Literacy

• Definitions of liberty
• What kind of literacy?
• TOPICS of our course
• What are the purposes of public schools?
• What essential knowledge and values should each
  student learn in school?
• Who should be taught?
• Who decides what is taught?
• What ideas drive these decisions?

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Women and EducationIf you choose to write on
Question 3, then used these notes and the Mann
notes that follow.

• Colonial
• Different education from boys
• Post Revolution
• Emergence of the Common School
• Girls had different virtues
• Women became teachers

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What key forces in the political economy shaped
womens position in society and views about
education?

• FAMILY
• CLASS
• RELIGION
• LIMITED REBULICANISM
• HOME PRODUCTION
• PROFESSIONS
• BOOKS PUBLISHED
• HOW WAS EDUCATION VIEWED?
• Education for women was based on usefulness
  Instruction in domestic skills and basic
  literacy, for Bible reading and to help children
  become literate, home management if husband absent

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Managing theHome

• Pre-Revolution
• Idealized vision
• of wife in 1700s
• Virginia
• At home, needs literacy for home production and
  charity.

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Jefferson and the Education of his own daughter
Martha

• Reading best literature
• Sciences
• Equipped to head her own family if needed
• John Adams told his daughter to study French
  rather than Latin and Greek typical for boys,
  would not be reputable for a girl to study Latin
  and Greek.
• (in Barbara Solomon, Chapter 1 Forbidden
  World pages 1-13. In the Company of Educated
  Women A History of Women and Higher Education in
  America (New Haven Yale University Press,
  1985).Solomon, 13)

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Abigail Adams writes to POST REVOLUTION John
Adams, 1776 (Solomon, 1)

• Educate girls and women for the Benefits of the
  rising Generation
• Distinguish the new constitution for its value
  of learning and virtue
• Heroes should include learned women
• Early education is critical and childrens first
  principles are learned from a mother.
• (in Barbara Solomon, Chapter 1 Forbidden
  World pages 1-13. In the Company of Educated
  Women A History of Women and Higher Education in
  America (New Haven Yale University Press,
  1985).Solomon, 13)

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WOMENS EDUCATIONColonial to 1776

• Colonial --Idea of college education would be
  dismissed. PLACE (family, society PE) AND
  ABILITIES (views about reason I). Women lower
  literacy rates than men, 1770, fewer women could
  write or sign their name (50 of women, 80 of
  men). (Solomon, 3)
• Post Revolution EDUCATION SEEN AS MORE VITAL for
  the Republic. Abigail Adams and others sought
  a place for learned women A new democratic
  ideal which changed society, created divisiveness
  about slavery but not about the status of women.
  New constitution gave some men more rights.

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WHY (THIS?, IMPORTANT?) WHAT OUTCOME?ANALYTIC
FRAMEWORK (Tozer, 9-11)PE and Ideology explains
why, what, howNot sure? Look at the headings in
the readings.
IDEOLOGY Explain and Justify Shared
beliefs Shared values Groups differ
POLITICAL ECONOMY Institutions and
practices Social Economic Political Schools De
mographics
SCHOOLS
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IDEAS SOCIAL CHANGES INSPIRED IN POST
REVOLUTION AMERICA

• Led a few educated women to engage with
  classical liberal ideas outside of their
  traditional role.
• 1776 Prompted Abigail Adams to urge protection
  for women under the new Constitution.
• Outcome left to STATES, and no vote.
• States controlled property rights,
• marriage, divorce, contracts, etc.

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Why was education limited for women in the
Colonial period? IDEOLOGY shaped womens position
in society and views about education. (Solomon
Reading)

• BELIEFS of SCIENCE AND RELIGION WOMENS NATURE
  more emotion, less reason (physically smaller
  brains, weaker) Solomon, 2
• BELIEF RELIGION Protestant view that Adam formed
  first, and women were responsible for original
  sin.
• BELIEF WOMENS ROLE IN PRIVATE SPHERE--duties as
  wives, mothers, and some role in home production

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Not equal, but Enlightenment Thinking OPENED THE
DOOR FOR WOMEN TO CHALLENGE SOME OF THE
BARRIERS TO THEIR EQUALITY

• Some women gained a more liberal education
  through their families, and some spoke out.
• Shifts in religion, science, economy made
  female education more important in upper class
  colonial society (Solomon, 4)
• God at a distance, humans greater responsibility
  for their lives
• Lockes view of rationality, no distinction
  based on sex (different from Classical Liberal
  view)
• Presence of a few educated women

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Mary Wollstonecraft wrote The Vindication of the
Rights of Women 1792 Read by John and Abigail
Adams

• The Vindication of the Rights of Women demanded
  the same rights as men
• Educate boys and girls the same
• Give women the right to vote
• Open the professions to women
• How could women advance
• without education? When was this equality
  achieved in US?

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• In what year could women attend the University of
  Virginia (Jeffersons educational success), the
  highest ranked public institution in the state?

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Million dollar question

• In what year could women attend the University of
  Virginia (Jeffersons educational triumph) the
  highest ranked public institution in the state?
• A) 1966 B) 1954
• C) 1971 D) 1870

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• B) 1954
• C) 1971

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Before 1975, how did women fare regarding access
to higher education? Key court case and
legislation.

• 1971
• Court orders University of Virginia to admit
  women

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• Are girls and women treated the same as boys in
  education today?

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Differentiated OpenCurriculum
Access
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1972 Congress passes Title IX

• Which prohibits institutions that receive federal
  funding from gender discrimination in educational
  programs or activities
• Because almost all schools receive federal funds,
  Title IX applies to nearly everyone.

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Examples of Regress in HistoryPost
RevolutionCrack in the barrier to rights.

• 75 women in Elizabeth NJ seized the opportunity,
  some continued to vote until 1807, new act free
  white male citizens over 21, worth 50 pounds,
  clear estate

Like cracks in the wall.
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Examples of Regress in History1826 SCHOOLING
OPPORTUNITIESBoston opened a Classical High
School for GirlsDesire for education among
women..

• Directed by Ebenezer Bailey
• So successful, long waiting list of applicants
• Closed school after 3 years
• Not another high school in Boston for girls until
  1852, Girls High School opened as part of the
  Normal School

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No accident that in the Post-Revolution Period
that education for all became more important.

• Education of sons in preparation for citizenship
• Some literacy needed for family responsibilities
• Changing roles for women new role as teachers
  after 1840s