Stem cells and Cancer Cells

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Stem cells and Cancer Cells
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I. Stem cells
Adult stem cells unipotent
Embryonic development

• Germ layers
• ectoderm
• mesoderm
• endoderm

Tissues without adult stem cells?
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Stem cell research
Adult stem cell research
Embryo stem cell research
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Stem cell potential
Incompatibility, ethics, and the law
Adult cell cloning
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IVF/ PGD and stem cell research
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Questions
How does the PGD technique circumvent the
ethical issues surrounding the use of embryos in
stem cell research? a. it doesnt b. embryos
are not used in any way for this technique c.
embryos are not destroyed d. only dead embryos
are used

• What is the advantage of using embryonic stem
  cells over other
• types of stems cells?
• They divide more quickly
• There is less controversy in using them
• They are easier to work with
• They are more versatile

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Questions

• Even with tissues derived from embryonic stem
  cells, patients still
• face the problem of tissue incompatibility. What
  is one way this could
• be overcome?
• Use tissues derived from modified PGD
• Use tissues derived from adult stem cells
• Use tissues derived from cloned embryos

• What is the current federal law regarding
  embryonic stem cell
• research?
• There are no restrictions
• Federal funding is allowed only for research on
  existing lines
• All embryonic stem cell research is illegal
• Embryonic stem cell research is allowed on
  defective embryos
• only

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Questions

• Which of the following is derived from ectoderm?
• Bone
• Red blood cells
• Brain
• Liver

• Which of the following is a correct statement
  about pluripotent stem cells?
• They have the ability to turn into any type of
  cell or tissue
• They are limited in being able to turn into the
  tissue from which they are derived
• c. They are derived from the morula
• d. They have the ability to turn into any type of
  germ layer tissue

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II. Cancer a problem in mitosis (usually stem
cells)
A. Two types of tumors (neoplasms) B. Cancer
cell anatomy and physiology 1.
differentiation 2. shape 3. embryonic
proliferation 4. non-programmed cell death C.
Genes and cancer 1. oncogenes 2. tumor
suppressing genes 3. telomerase
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A. Two types of tumors (neoplasms)
An inappropriate proliferation of cells
Neoplasms two types
benign
malignant
Metastasis
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B. Cancer cell anatomy and physiology
1. differentiation
2. shape
3. proliferation
4. Non-programmed cell death telomerase
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Telomeres and telomerase
TTAGGG repeats
Cells with telomerase
Early embryo cells
Stem cells
Cancer cells
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C. Genes and cancer
Stem cells, cancer, and aging
Ink4
1. oncogenes
2. tumor suppressing genes (p53)
3. Telomerase genes
Progression of cancer
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Questions

• What is the problem with enhancing the activity
  of Ink4?
• Increased risk of cancer
• Speeding up of the aging process
• Both a and b
• Neither a or b

• What are oncogenes?
• Genes that regulate cell division
• Genes that suppress tumors
• Genes that reestablish telomeres
• Mutated proto-oncogenes

If you live long enough, you will likely get
cancer. a. True b. False
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The end