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Ionic Bonds

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Valence electrons are the electrons in the highest occupied energy ... The electrical force of attraction between oppositely charged ions. Na F. Example: ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Ionic Bonds


1
Ionic Bonds
  • Chemistry
  • Mrs. Coyle

2
Part A
  • Ions
  • Lewis Dot Structure
  • Stable Octet (or Duet)

3
The Periodic Table and Atomic Radius
4
Valence Electrons
  • Valence electrons are the electrons in the
    highest occupied energy level of the atom.
  • Valence electrons are the only electrons
    generally involved in bond formation.

5
Electron Configuration of Sodium
  • 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
  • Which is the valence electron for Na?
  • Answer 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

6
Na , 11 e
7
Na , 10e
8
A Positive Ion (Cation)
  • An atom that has lost one or more electrons.
  • charge

9
Electron Dot Structure or Lewis Dot Diagram
  • A notation showing the valence electrons
    surrounding the atomic symbol.

10
Elements within the same group have the same
electron-dot structure.
11
A Negative Ion (Anion)
  • An atom that has gained one or more electrons.
  • Negatively (-) charged.

12
Chlorine Atom ? Chlorine Ion
13
When Na, (Z 11) loses its valence electron, what
element does its configuration look like ?
Check your Neighbor
  • Neon
  • Potassium
  • Beryllium
  • Sodium

14
When Na, (Z 11) loses its valence electron, what
element does its configuration look like ?
Check your Neighbor
  • Neon
  • Potassium
  • Beryllium
  • Sodium

15
A Stable Octet
When the valence shell is full, the atom is
stable, less likely to react. Example Noble
(Inert Gases)
Kr
16
Note
  • Atoms tend to react in a way that would lead them
    to have a stable octet.

17
Part B
  • Equations for Formation of Ions and Naming Ions
  • Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds

18
Equations for the Formation of Cations
  • H. ? H e-
  • Li. ? Li e-
  • Mg ? Mg2 2e-

19
Equations for the Formation of Anions
  • . ..
  • F e- ? F -
  • .. ..

20
Naming cations ().
  • Use the name of the metal.
  • Example Na
  • Sodium ion.

21
Naming Anions(-)
  • Use the name of the nonmetal with the ending
    ide.
  • Example F-
  • Fluoride

22
Ionic Compounds
  • Are made up of
  • a metal and a nonmetal ion.
  • polyatomic ions.

23
Naming Ionic Compounds, a First Look
  • Example NaF
  • Sodium Fluoride

24
Example
  • Which of the following compounds are ionic?
  • NaCl
  • CO2
  • CO
  • KF
  • KNO3

25
Some Common Ions
26
Bonding
  • Elements that do not have a complete octet, tend
    to react.
  • When the elements react bonds are formed.

27
Types of Bonds
  • Ionic
  • Metallic
  • Covalent

28
Ionic Bonds
  • Bonds that are formed by transfer of electrons
    from one element to the other.
  • Each element (now an ion) will have a complete
    octet after the transfer of electrons.

29
The Ionic Bond
  • The electrical force of attraction between
    oppositely charged ions.

F-
Na
30
Example Formation of Lithium Fluoride
  • . ..
  • Li. F ? Li F -
  • ..
    ..

31
Is an Ionic Compound Electrically Neutral or
Charged?
32
Movie Clip
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?vKj3o0XvhVqQNR1

33
Chemical Formula
  • A representation of the kinds and number of atoms
    in a substance.

34
Formula Unit
  • A chemical formula that shows the lowest whole
    number ratio of the atoms (ions) in an ionic
    compound.
  • Example KCl, Mg Cl2

35
The formula unit is used because ionic compounds
have a lattice arrangement of ions. Ex NaCl
  • Which ball represents the Na?
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