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From Beowulf to Frankenstein Part II: Restoration

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When Stuart King Charles II was returned to the throne in 1660, the Church of ... SATIRE by attacking the immorality and bad taste of the educated/leisured class ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: From Beowulf to Frankenstein Part II: Restoration


1
From Beowulf to Frankenstein(Part II
Restoration 18th Cent.)
  • English 12 Honors
  • Mr. Raber

2
Hello
  • The Restoration
  • 18th Century
  • 1660-1800

3
The Restoration
  • When Stuart King Charles II was returned to the
    throne in 1660, the Church of England regained
    its power
  • Hence, the power was RESTORED ( Restoration) to
    the Church of England/ a Protestant

4
The Restoration
  • Remember, during this time period (more
    specifically 1660-1800) people from England and
    Europe were pouring into North America.
  • It was also during this
    period that America broke
    from England

5
The Restoration
  • English Overview
  • 1660 England exhausted from nearly
    20 yrs of civil war
  • By 1700 England had lived through
    the plague and a fire that left more than
    2/3 of Londoners homeless
  • Mid to late 1700s American Colonies
    lost

6
The Restoration
  • Despite the American colonies lost, by mid 18th
    century, England had settled into a period of
    calm and order
  • The middle class grew
  • British men and women produced many brilliant
    works of philosophy, art, and literaturemore on
    lit. later

7
The Restoration
  • This long period of time, 1660-1800, has been
    given several labels
  • the Augustan Age
  • the Neoclassical period
  • the Enlightenment
  • the Age of Reason

8
The Restoration
  • Each of these labels apply to SOME
    characteristics of these 140 years, but none
    apply to all

9
Augustan Period
  • This time period was often called this because
    just like Augustus was the exalted one who
    restored peace to Rome after Julius Caesars
    death, Charles II was brought back to rule
    England after exiling himself in France.


10
Augustan Period
  • Charles II replaced his father that was executed
    at the end of the civil wars and restored peace
    to England
  • He (CII) was hailed as a
    savior

11
Neoclassical Period
  • In this period many English writers consciously
    modeled their works on the old Latin classics
  • These writings that imitate Latin works were
    called
  • NEOCLASSICAL new classical

12
Neoclassical Period
  • The classics, it was generally agreed, were more
    valuable because they represented what was
    permanent and universal in human experience
  • All educated people knew the Latin classics
    better than they knew their own English Literature

13
Age of Reason / Enlightenment Period
  • These labels reveal how people were gradually
    changing their view of themselves and the world.
  • Example ppl thought before horrific events such
    as the assassination of a ruler took place, that
    the earth and sky would give warnings
    (earthquakes/comets/etc.)
  • Before, ppl asked WHY did this unusual event
    happenand what does it mean?

14
Age of Reason / Enlightenment Period
  • Now, ppl asked HOW did this unusual event happen?
  • PPL started to wonder HOW everything worked from
    the human body to the laws of the universe
  • Ex. Halleys comet appears every 76 yrs b/c
    that is how long it takes to complete its
    orbithe calculated thishe did not guess at it
    or its meaning

15
Changes in Religion More ?s
  • The new scientific and rational explanations of
    phenomena gradually began to affect some peoples
    religious views
  • Thus, DEISM evolved
  • Deism a spiritual belief based on reason and
    the observation of nature
  • Only a minority of enlightened rationalists and
    materialists adopted deism. The majority
    remained religious.

16
Religion Politics
  • Religion determined peoples politics in this
    period
  • Charles II reestablished the Church of
    Englandalso known as the Anglican Church (this
    church is still present in England today and in
    the United States it is called the Episcopal
    Church)
  • Charles attempted to outlaw all other churches
    and this caused persecution that lasted into the
    18th century

17
Also during this period
  • Charles was a big advocate of THEATERthus it was
    popular
  • Both Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift
    popularized SATIRE by attacking the immorality
    and bad taste of the educated/leisured class

18
Also during this period
  • Daniel Defoe, Joseph Addison, and Sir Richard
    Steele practiced JOURNALISM in which they viewed
    themselves as reformers

19
Also during this period
  • Poems during this time period were said to have
    been by their authors WITS (minds) and not the
    soul of the author
  • This was viewed by a number of other poets as a
    negative

20
Also during this period
  • Rather, poetry during this time period was
    written for a specific purpose
  • Thus, the purpose and kind of poem to be
    conceived was decided before the actual poem was
    composed
  • Some types of poems included ELEGY, SATIRE, and
    ODE

21
Also during this period
  • By the mid-eighteenth century ppl were writing,
    and others were buying
  • Then, long fictional narratives called NOVELS
  • Novels were developed by the middle class and
    were often broad and comical
  • Some Novelists of the time Defoe, Fielding,
    Richardson, and Sterne

22
ALMOST DONE
  • Let us now switch gears back to what was
    occurring in England and the monarch at this time

23
The Bloodless Revolution
  • Then, when Charles II died, w/out an heir, his
    brother James II became king.
  • James was a Roman Catholic and the
    Protestant English
    political leaders acted
    quickly to transfer power
    to Jamess Protestant daughter
    Mary
  • It was worried that James was going to hand the
    country over to the pope

24
The Bloodless Revolution
  • Then, Marys Dutch husband, William of
    Orange, attacked England and forced King
    James (not Lebron) to flee
  • Thus, William and Mary assumed the throne and
    came to power in 1689
  • Not a drop of blood had been shed and this became
    known as the Glorious (Bloodless) Revolution

25
Wrapping up the 18th Century
  • By the last decade of the century, the English
    world was changing in disturbing ways.
  • The INDUSTRIAL
    REVOLUTION was turning English cities and towns
    into filthy, smoky slums.
  • People knew that the age of elegance, taste, and
    reason was over

26
Wrapping up the 18th Century
  • As a reflection of all this change, writers were
    developing new interests
  • Appalled at the industrial blight, they were
    turning to EXTERNAL NATURE and writing about
    the effect of the natural landscape on the human
    soul. (The
    HEALING POWER OF NATURE is a RBD in the upcoming
    ROMANTIC PERIOD)

27
Wrapping up the 18th Century
  • These writers were also becoming interested in
    the literary possibilities of the humble life and
    were trying to enter into the consciousness of
    the poor and simple
  • A NEW LITERARY AGE WAS BEGINNING

28
  • The
  • ROMANTIC
  • Time Period
  • 1798-1832

29
ANY
  • QUESTIONS?
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