Machine Vision Basics

1
Machine Vision Basics

• What is machine vision?
• Some examples of machine vision applications
• What can be learned from biological vision?
• The curse of television

2
What is Machine Vision?

• Machine vision is the application of image
  analysis techniques to factory automation. Just
  as human inspectors working on assembly lines
  visually inspect parts to judge the quality of
  workmanship, so machine vision systems use
  digital cameras and image processing software to
  perform similar inspections. A machine vision
  system is a computer that makes decisions based
  on the analysis of digital images.

3
Technology Requirements

• The design of industrial vision systems requires
  a broad spectrum of techniques and disciplines.
  These include electrical engineering (hardware
  and software design), engineering mathematics,
  physics (optics and lighting) and mechanical
  engineering (since industrial vision systems deal
  with a mainly mechanical world). Detailed
  descriptions of the techniques and

4
Elements of Image Analysis

• Enhance features (discard irrelevant information)
• Binarize image
• Perform connectivity
• Calculate feature attributes
• Classify/measure

5
Elements of a Vision System

• Handling system
• Illumination
• Optics
• Camera
• Image capture hardware
• Image processing hardware
• Computer

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Machine Vision Flow Chart
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Photopic Vision and EM Spectrum
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Natural Ambient Illumination
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Scotopic Vision
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Spatial Frequency Response
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Mach Band
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Mach Bands
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Color Vision
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Color Generation
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Optical Illusions
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Pattern Recognition
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Video Scanning Approaches
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Television Standards
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Digital Image Basics