Encouraged by the success of the civil rights movement, man

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Exploring American HistoryUnit IX- Postwar
America

• Chapter 28 Section 3
• Rights for Other Americans

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Rights for Other Americans

• The Big Idea
• Encouraged by the success of the civil rights
  movement, many groups worked for equal rights in
  the 1960s.
• Main Ideas
• Hispanic Americans organized for civil rights and
  economic opportunities.
• The womens movement worked for equal rights.
• Other Americans also fought for change.

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Main Idea 1 Hispanic Americans organized for
civil rights and economic opportunities.

• Americas Hispanic population growing
• 1960 4 million
• 1970 10 million
• Diverse origins Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and
  other Latin American countries
• Success of African American civil rights movement
  encouraged Hispanic Americans to fight for their
  own rights.

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Ripples of Hope (0124)
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Latino Activism (0201)
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Cesar Chavez

• Hispanic American activist
• Formed union in 1962 that would later become the
  United Farm Workers (UFW)
• Committed to goal of better pay and working
  conditions for migrant farm workers
• Led the UFW in a five-year strike and boycott
  against California grape growers
• Workers won better wages and benefits in 1970.
• Committed to non-violent protest
• Inspired young leaders in Chicano movement
• His work impacted new legislation.
• Amendment to 1968 Elementary and Secondary
  Education Act required schools to teach students
  whose first language was not English in both
  languages until they learned English.
• Voting Rights Act of 1975 required communities
  with large immigrant populations to print ballots
  in the voters preferred language.

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Hispanic Americans Organize for Change

• Compare In what ways were Cesar Chavez and
  Martin Luther King Jr. similar?
• Elaborate How did the Hispanic civil rights
  movement affect the Elementary and Secondary
  School Education Act?

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Feminism (0420)
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Women's Movement (0316)
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Main Idea 2The womens movement worked for
equal rights.

• Activists brought attention to womens position
  in society
• A 1963 government commission reported fewer job
  opportunities and lower pay for women.
• Legislation was passed to help equalize rights.
• 1963 Equal Pay Act required many employers to
  pay men and women equal salaries for same work.
• Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned discrimination
  based on gender and race
• Women began questioning traditional roles.
• The womens movement worked for equal rights.
• Author Betty Friedan became a leader of modern
  womens rights movement.
• National Organization for Women (NOW) founded in
  1966.
• Women like Shirley Chisholm, the first African
  American woman elected to Congress, worked for
  change by running for office.

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Betty Friedan and NOW

• N.O.W. (National Organization for Women) was
  founded on June 30, 1966 in Washington, D.C., by
  28 women and men. "to take action to bring women
  into full participation in the mainstream of
  American society now, exercising all privileges
  and responsibilities thereof in truly equal
  partnership with men."
• NOW promoted the Equal Rights Amendment to the
  U.S. Constitution.

• Betty Friedan was an American feminist, activist
  and writer, best known for starting what is
  commonly known as the "Second Wave" of feminism
  through the writing of her book The Feminine
  Mystique.

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Womens Rights in the 1970s
Equal Rights Amendment

• Womens rights organizations supported an
  amendment to the Constitution
• Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
• Outlaw all discrimination based on sex
• Conservative activists, such as Phyllis Schlafly
  worked to stop it.
• Though initially approved by Congress, it did not
  get ratified.

New Opportunities

• Despite failure of ERA, womens movement achieved
  many goals.
• New opportunities in education and workplace
• Began winning political offices at all levels

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Equal Rights Amendment

• ERA was a proposed amendment to the United States
  Constitution that was intended to guarantee equal
  rights under the law for Americans regardless of
  sex.

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Phyllis Schlafly

• An American conservative political activist known
  for her best-selling 1964 book A Choice, Not An
  Echo and her opposition to feminism in general
  and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in
  particular.
• Schlafly became the most visible and effective
  opponent of the Equal Rights Amendment as the
  organizer of the "Stop the ERA" movement, widely
  credited with stopping it from achieving passage
  by its legislative deadline

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The Womens Movement

• Describe What was the purpose of the 1963 Equal
  Pay Act??
• Summarize Why did the ERA fail to become law?

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Main Idea 3Other Americans also fought for
change.

• Native Americans
• National Congress of American Indians helped win
  passage of the Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968
  allowing tribes to gain more control over
  reservation lands.
• American Indian Movement founded in 1968 to fight
  for rights
• Protests were organized, some of which ended in
  violence.

• Disabled
• Disabled in Action created in 1970 to raise
  awareness of challenges facing people with
  disabilities and to work for legislation.
• The Rehabilitation Act of 1973
• The Education of Handicapped Children Act of 1975
• Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)
  outlawed all discrimination against people with
  disabilities.

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Civil Rights Native Americans (0402)
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Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968

• The purpose of the ICRA is to extend many of the
  constitutional protections of the Bill of Rights
  to individuals under the jurisdiction of Indian
  tribal governments. In order to preserve certain
  aspects of tribal government and sovereignty.
• Preserve as much of tribal culture as possible.

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American Indian Movement (AIM)

• Native American activist organization in the
  United States-1968
• AIM used the American press and media to present
  its own unvarnished message to the American
  public.
• AIM directly sought out the American public to
  ensure it would get AIMs message. AIM was always
  on the look out for an event to would result in
  publicity

• All of these events were undertaken to ensure AIM
  would be noticed in order to highlight its belief
  that the rights of Indian people had eroded
• Seizure of the Mayflower replica on Thanksgiving
  Day in 1970.
• The occupation of Mount Rushmore in 1971.
• The Trail of Broken Treaties march 1972.
• Takeover of the Bureau of Indian Affairs
  headquarters in Washington, D.C. in 1972.
• AIMs occupation of Wounded Knee on the Pine
  Ridge reservation in 1973.
• The Longest Walk in 1978.

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The Americans with Disabilities Act Review
(0153)
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Disabled in Action

• Civil rights organization committed to ending
  discrimination against people with disabilities
  all disabilities.
• DIA consists primarily of and is directed by
  people with disabilities.
• To raise consciousness among people with or
  without disabilities concerning ableism,
  paternalism and derogatory attitudes, as well as
  laws and customs that oppress disabled
  individuals in American society
• We believe in the motto, "Nothing about us
  without us!"

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Shattering the Melting Pot (0253)
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Other Voices for Change

• Identify During the 1960s, what was the
  primary concern of Native Americans?
• Analyze Why did Native Americans engage in
  sit-ins and armed protests?

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Other Voices for Change

• Identify Who founded the organization Disabled
  in Action?
• Contrast What is the difference between the
  1973 Rehabilitation Act and the 1990 Americans
  with Disabilities Act?