The English Colonies

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The English Colonies

• By Jordan Benford
• Presented by Mrs. Haslam

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Coming to America in the 13 colonies

• Part 1 Coming to America The first colonies in
  North America were along the eastern coast.
  Settlers from Spain, France, Sweden, Holland, and
  England claimed land beginning in the 17th
  century. The struggle for control of this land
  would continue for more than a hundred years.
• The first permanent settlement in North America
  was the English colony at Jamestown, in 1607, in
  what is now Virginia. John Smith and company had
  come to stay. The Pilgrims followed, in 1620, and
  set up a colony at Plymouth, in what is now
  Massachusetts.
• Other English colonies sprang up all along the
  Atlantic coast, from Maine in the north to
  Georgia in the south. Swedish and Dutch colonies
  took shape in and around what is now New York.
• As more and more people arrived in the New World,
  more and more disputes arose over territory. Many
  wars were fought in the 1600s and 1700s. Soon,
  the two countries with the largest presence were
  England and France.
• The two nations fought for control of North
  America in what Americans call the French and
  Indian War (1754-1763). England won the war and
  got control of Canada, as well as keeping control
  of all the English colonies.
• By this time, the English colonies numbered 13.
  They were Massachusetts, New Hampshire,
  Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey,
  Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, North
  Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.

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Food in the 13 American colonies

• People who lived on the Atlantic Coast caught
  fish and whales.
• They sold fish and whale blubber at fish markets.
• Farmers grew wheat, Barley, corn, tobacco, and
  rice.
• Most of the people were farmers, and they owned
  chickens, pigs, and cows, etc.

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Picture of the 13 colonies Map
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A picture of the colonies map before 1763
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Religion

• House worships, but what they learned in those
  services depend where they live.

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School in the 13 colonies

• Parents thought that their children should learn
  about their Christianity.
• Parents taught the kids to read so they could
  read the bible.
• They had grammar schools, this was only for the
  boys!!!! Sorry girls!!!!
• The middle colonies learned about one specific
  religion. Most of their schools were private.
  Girls also was not allowed to attend unless they
  were Quakers.
• In the school age kids were taught at home. When
  becoming a teenager they go off to college or to
  Europe. Just like the other colonies southern
  girls did not go to school.
• Schools were generally small, not like the large
  ones many kids go to today. Kids learned to read
  from special books called hornbooks.
• Kids in colonial America were taught a trade,
  usually the one their fathers did, so they could
  continue the family business when their fathers
  retired. Often, kids would go to school and learn
  a trade.

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Parks in the 13 Colonies

• The American colonists had parks in their
  communities, but they didn't really have
  playgrounds or swing sets. In colonial America,
  the park was more commonly called the common.
  These areas were found especially in the New
  England colonies. Boston still has its common.
• The common was short for "common area," a large
  area in the center of a village or town where
  people would gather before and after meetings.
  The common usually contained the meetinghouse.
  New Englanders also let their cattle graze in the
  common. (This was a large area, after all!)
• Villages and towns in the Middle and Southern
  colonies had common areas as well. Here, children
  played, tutors instructed students, and families
  gathered to discuss the news of the day. Games
  kids played included tag, marbles, hopscotch,
  hide-and-seek, and other names familiar to kids
  today. They didn't really have toys, so they
  often made their own or played outdoor games that
  didn't require toys. An example of this is kids'
  making and flying their own kites.
• As is the case today with parks, colonial common
  areas provided an opportunity for people to
  gather in a safe place.

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Farming in the 13 colonies

• Farmers in the New England Colonies had a rough
  time of it. Much of the soil wasn't good for
  growing crops, especially near the ocean. Also,
  the early and long-lasting winters killed many
  crops quickly. Still, New England farmers often
  grew enough food to feed their families and
  maybe even help feed other families. The main
  kind of food New Englanders contributed to the
  economy was fish.
• Farmers in the Southern Colonies grew several
  things. The most popular crop was tobacco. The
  Jamestown colonists had grown tobacco originally,
  and tobacco farms sprung up all over Virginia and
  North Carolina. The two southernmost states
  (South Carolina and Georgia) also grew indigo and
  rice.

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Economy in the 13 colonies

• The New England Colonies were largely farming and
  fishing communities. The people made their own
  clothes and shoes. They grew much of their own
  food. Crops like corn and wheat grew in large
  numbers, and much was shipped to England. Foods
  that didn't grow in America were shipped from
  England. Boston was the major New England port.
• The Middle Colonies were part agriculture, part
  industrial. Wheat and other grains grew on farms
  in Pennsylvania and New York. Factories in
  Maryland produced iron, and factories in
  Pennsylvania produced paper and textiles. Trade
  with England was plentiful in these colonies as
  well.
• The Southern Colonies were almost entirely
  agricultural. The main feature was the
  plantation, a large plot of land that contained a
  great many acres of farmland and buildings in
  which lived the people who owned the land and the
  people who worked the land. (A large part of the
  workforce was African slaves, who first arrived
  in 1619.)
• Southern plantations grew tobacco, rice, and
  indigo, which they sold to buyers

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Motivations for the 13 colonies

• By and large, the people who settled in the New
  England Colonies wanted to keep their family unit
  together and practice their own religion. They
  were used to doing many things themselves and not
  depending on other people for much. Some of these
  people came to New England to make money, but
  they were not the majority.
• The people who founded the Middle Colonies were
  looking to practice their own religion
  (Pennsylvania mainly) or to make money. Many of
  these people didn't bring their families with
  them from England and were the perfect workers
  for the hard work required in ironworks and
  shipyards.
• The founders of the Southern Colonies were, for
  the most part, out to make money. They brought
  their families, as did the New England colonists,
  and they kept their families together on the
  plantations. But their main motivation was to
  make the good money that was available in the new
  American market.

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Beliefs for the 13 colonies

• The Pilgrims in Massachusetts and the Quakers in
  Pennsylvania were examples of people who had left
  England so they could practice the religion they
  chose. Maryland and Rhode Island passed laws of
  religious toleration (meaning that people
  couldn't be harmed just because their religion
  was different from other people's).
• These American colonists also believed that they
  had a right to govern themselves. More and more,
  they believed that they shouldn't have to pay so
  much in taxes to England, especially since they
  couldn't serve in the English government and have
  a say on how high or low those taxes were.

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Revolution during the 13 colonies

• As more and more Americans voiced their concerns
  over higher and higher taxes, a conflict began to
  build. The English response was to isolate the
  colonies from each other, in hopes that the
  American people would not pull together as a
  whole. An example of this is the Intolerable
  Acts, which singled out Massachusetts in general
  and Boston in particular. One provision of these
  Acts was to close the port of Boston entirely.
  This was serious business. Boston was one of the
  largest ports in America. Closing it meant that
  Americans couldn't get food and other essentials
  from England or anywhere else, unless they paid
  extra for it to be transported from other ports,
  like New York.
• But the punishment of Boston backfired. The
  Americans pulled together as never before. They
  took up arms against their English governors and
  fellow soldiers. Even though they had fought for
  England in the French and Indian War (George
  Washington included), they now fought against
  England for the right to govern themselves. The
  result was the Revolutionary War, which ended in
  American victory.
• A new nation was born, one that had its roots in
  the conflicts between several European nations.
  That new nation would have to make its own way in
  an angry world.

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Timeline of the 13 Colonies

•  1607 1607 - In 1607, at Jamestown, was founded
  the first permanent English colony in , ,
  America. From the earliest times to the present.
  The South Early settle- the New World has been
  regarded as a land of boundless possibilities.
  The first English colonists in Virginia ... Show
  moreFrom Problems of American Democracy -
  Related web pagesbooks.google.com/books?id_gNJAA
  AAIAAJpgPA58 ...
•  1619 1619 - Jury trial and representative
  government were both established upon a lasting
  foundation in America in 1619, while Virginia was
  the only English colony. These two bulwarks of
  freedom were not then known in any large country
  except in England and they were not to ... Show
  moreFrom History of the American People -
  Related web pagesbooks.google.com/books?idPXkAAA
  AAYAAJpgRA1 ...
•  1651 1651 - To secure control of colonial trade,
  therefore, Parliament began in 1651, thirty-one
  years after the landing of the Pilgrims, to pass
  the famous Naviga- The Navigation tion Laws and
  Acts of Trade. These laws Laws and Acts required,
  (i) that all trade between the ... Show moreFrom
  A History of the United

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Timeline continued

•  1664 1664 - Charles II promised his brother
  James, the Duke of York, the title to any Dutch
  holdings he could capture. In 1664, James arrived
  with a fleet of ships at the port of New
  Amsterdam, declaring that New Netherlands was
  henceforth an English colony. The colony's ...
  Show moreFrom The American Testimony Discovery
  and Colonization of the New World - Related web
  pageswww.history2u.com/book1_discovery.htm
•  1733 Feb 12, 1733 - On February 12, 1733,
  General James Edward Oglethorpe and 19 associates
  named as Trustees, founded the colony of Georgia.
  The purpose of the colony, the 13th and the last
  of the English colonies in the New World was to
  aid the poor in England, increase trade ... Show
  moreFrom Konter Realty - Related web
  pageskonterrealty.com/home.cfm/page/Savannah.html
  
•  1754 1754 - You would hardly expect a man of
  these tastes to be the one to work out a plan to
  unite the English colonies. Yet it was he who,
  seeing clearly that the English colonies would be
  much stronger if they would work together,
  proposed in 1754 a "Plan of Union." This ...

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Timeline continued

•  1763 1763 - Part two explores the political,
  social, and cultural history of the state from
  the first successful English colonies in the
  1600s to the eve of the Revolution in 1763.
  Definitions heathen n. Derogatory term used to
  describe a member of a people that does not ...
  Show moreFrom Benjamin Wadsworth on the duties
  of children to their parents - North - Related
  web pagesalpha.learnnc.org/lp/pages/4112
•  1765 1765 - 8 The most elaborate composite of
  data derived from every source is the chapter on
  "Virginia in 1765," in Henry Cabot Lodge's Short
  History of the English Colonies, in which he
  depends very largely on the survival of manners
  in the days when Burnaby, Anburey ... Show
  moreFrom Narrative and Critical History of
  America - Related web pagesbooks.google.com/books
  ?idAucV9msJxIMCpg ...
•  1775 1775 - The powers of the governments of the
  English colonies in America, before the
  Revolutionary war, beginning in 1775, were all
  written instruc-. "uons," accompanied-"by
  charters and grants of title and formulated
  frameworks of government. The English colonists
  were ... Show moreFrom Constitutional History
  and Political Development of the United States -
  Related web pagesbooks.google.com/books?idB3o_AA
  AAIAAJpgPA1 ...
•  1776 Jul 4, 1776 - On July 4, 1776, the English
  colonies said that they were "free and
  independent states" and named themselves "The
  United States of America." Although the colonies
  said they were free, our colonial fore fathers,
  had to fight for eight long years before England
  ... Show moreFrom Alabama History in the Us -
  Related web pagesbooks.google.com/books?idoloCXg
  gPxDQCpgPA88 ...

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The 13 Original Colonies

• The original thirteen colonies were Connecticut,
  Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New
  Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina,
  South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and
  Virginia.  

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Map of when these colonies were founded

• \

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Womens Dutys in the 13 Colonies

• They were responsible for indoor duties like
  preparing food ( gardening, smoking meats,
  milking cows,) Sewing, Cleaning. They were most
  free from labor in summers before food
  preservation, spinning and weaving again.

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Mens Dutys in the 13 Colonies

• Men on the farm were responsible for outdoor
  duties like planting crops, building fences, and
  butchering livestock. They were most free in
  labor in the winter when crops required no care.

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Life in the 13 Colonies

• Life in 13 ColoniesThe colonists of the
  thirteen colonies immigrated to the New World due
  to poverty and religious restrictions in England.
  The colonists settled in the New Land, with many
  assurances from the European government. However,
  they had to earn their living through farming.
  There was limitless stretches of land, but this
  was uncultivated land with most of the part
  covered with primeval forests and rocky valleys.
  But, every colony did not have fertile land for
  farming and had to find out different ways to
  make a living. The colonies were divided into
  three categories, viz. New England Colonies,
  Middle Colonies and Southern Colonies. The
  distribution of the colonies was as follows

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The 3 colonies divided into 3 groups

• New England New Hampshire, Rhodes Island,
  Connecticut, and MassachusettsMiddle Colonies
  Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York and New
  JerseySouthern Colonies South Carolina, North
  Carolina, Georgia, Maryland and Virginia

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Where Were these Colonies founded?

• They Were founded along the Atlantic Coast of
  America.
• Each of these groups had its unique aspects in
  many areas, from architecture to economics. They
  all had a common goal to govern themselves and
  to have a say in how they were represented.

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What colonies the states are in.

• They were divided into three groups, as below
• New England ColoniesRhode IslandConnecticutMass
  achusettsNew Hampshire
• Middle ColoniesDelawarePennsylvaniaNew
  YorkNew Jersey
• Southern ColoniesMarylandVirginiaNorth
  CarolinaSouth CarolinaGeorgia

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The states in the 13 Colonies

• VirginiaJohn Smith, and a number of rich
  Englishmen, sailed through the Chesapeake Bay to
  reach the Powhatan's river. They settled along
  the banks of this river and named it as 'James
  river' after King James I. Although the territory
  was named Virginia, this settlement was known as
  the Jamestown. The English government lured and
  sent many English men with the promises that they
  will get gold and land in Virginia.
  Unfortunately, no gold was found in Virginia.
  These Englishmen did not know farming and so had
  no means to make a living. They also did not get
  any land, as promised by the Company of Virginia.
  Many Englishmen died in Indian attacks and others
  died due to starvation or epidemic. The year 1610
  was known as 'Starving Time' in which 90 of the
  population of Virginia died.Nine ships were sent
  to Virginia from England, but they were caught in
  an hurricane. One of the survivors of this voyage
  was John Rolfe. He started the cultivation of
  tobacco in Virginia in 1612. Tobacco brought
  wealth which in turn brought Englishmen to
  Virginia. New YorkDutch refugees from France
  and Holland purchased the island of Manhattan. In
  1626, Peter Minuit, the Governor of this colony
  named it as New Amsterdam. Though the harbor of
  New Amsterdam was suitable for trade, Dutch
  colonists made money through piracy. New
  Amsterdam colony was surrounded by English
  colonies. This well-situated harbor tempted the
  British. They attacked New Amsterdam in 1664 and
  it was renamed as New York after the Duke of
  York.

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The states continued

• Massachusetts BayIn 1608, English separatists
  left England and settled in Holland. Later, they
  decided to settle in America in 1620.
  Separatists, also called Pilgrims, came to
  America in the ship 'Mayflower'. 102 pilgrims
  sailed through the sea in Mayflower to a place
  called Cape Cod bay. They settled in a harbor
  which was to the west of Cape Cod bay and named
  it as Plymouth harbor. John Alden, William
  Bradford, William Brewster, John Carver, Myles
  Standish were some of the famous men who sailed
  to America in Mayflower. The separatists started
  the tradition of Thanksgiving Day. Mayflower
  Compact signed by 41 men laid the foundation of
  the governing law in America. It states that one
  should have
• Faith and belief in God
• Loyalty towards the King of England
• Equality amongst each other
• Ability to establish democratic laws
• Englishmen who wanted to reform the ideologies of
  Church and Christianity were called Puritans.
  They came to the New World, ten years after the
  Pilgrims. At the beginning, the Puritan group was
  granted the permission to trade with America.
  Their company was called Massachusetts Bay
  Company. John Winthrop was the Governor of
  Massachusetts Company which had 1000 Puritans.
  They initially decided to stop at Salem, but then
  settled in Shawmut Peninsula of Massachusetts
  Bay. Later, this colony was known as New Boston.

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Continued

• New HampshireIn 1623, John Mason formed a
  fishing company in Massachusetts. He sent some
  fish merchants and a number of other people to a
  place near the mouth of Piscataqua river. They
  named this place as Little Harbor which is now
  known as Town of Rye. Fishing business flourished
  in this province. This colony was under the
  British reign and was previously known as North
  Virginia. Later, the King James I changed this
  name to New England. This colony came under the
  legal power of Massachusetts in 1698. Scottish
  and Irish people formed a part of the population
  of this colony. Chief magistrate Benning
  Wentworth named it New Hampshire in the 18th
  century. MarylandKing Charles I sent Cecil
  Calvert to America to form the colony named
  Maryland. Cecil Calvert was the second Lord
  Baltimore. Maryland was named after the king's
  wife, Queen Mary. People who adopted Maryland as
  a new home wanted to get away with the
  ill-treatment of the Church in England. Annapolis
  was declared as the capital of Maryland in
  1694.ConnecticutIn 1636, many people from
  Roxbury settled down in a place on the banks of
  the Connecticut river. They named this place
  Woodstock after Oxford. The Dutch used this place
  as a trading post. Later, in 1749, a separate
  colony of Connecticut was formed.

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Continued

• Rhode IslandIn 1636, Roger Williams and a number
  of other people left the Massachusetts Bay
  colony. They wanted to get rid of the religious
  restrictions in Massachusetts Bay and desired to
  have the freedom to worship in their own way. In
  1663, Rhodes Island became a separate colony with
  the consent of King Charles II. People from
  various religious sects settled in Rhodes Island
  due to its religious freedom. However, this later
  led to fights amongst these sects.DelawareIn
  1609, Henry Hudson, along with many Spaniards and
  Portuguese, explored the coastline of Delaware.
  Later, in 1631, a Dutch trading company was
  established on this coastline. However, Indians
  set their buildings on fire and no one survived
  this attack. Finally, in 1638, the Swedes formed
  the first permanent settlement of Delaware.
  Delaware was a Swedish colony until the Dutch
  governor, Peter Stuyvesant, quashed the Swedish
  rule in 1655, and it became a Dutch colony.

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Continued

• North CarolinaEnglishmen explored North Carolina
  in the 16th century. Walter Rayleigh was the
  first Englishman who came to this tribal place.
  Three tribes Iroquoian, Siouan and Algonquian
  lived in this territory before the English people
  arrived and the colonization of North Carolina
  started in 1650. People from southeastern
  Virginia shifted to North Carolina.New
  JerseyIn the 16th century, Giovanni De Verrazano
  first came to New Jersey where trading posts were
  set up. Dutch came to New Jersey when they lost
  New Amsterdam. This territory was divided into
  two halves one under the supervision of Sir
  George Carteret and the other under Lord John
  Berkley. South CarolinaKing Charles II
  appointed eight Lords Proprietors to control
  South Carolina. The colonists revolted against
  the Proprietors and South Carolina became an
  individual province in 1719. The plantation in
  South Carolina had a close resemblance to the
  plantation in West

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Continued

• PennsylvaniaPeople of Mongolian ancestry
  inhabited Pennsylvania. King Charles II gave
  William Penn, a part of the land between Maryland
  and New York because he owed a debt to William
  Penn's father. Penn utilized this inherited
  wealth for the betterment of a prosecuted sect
  called Quaker. In 1681, William Markham, cousin
  of William Penn, became the Governor of
  Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania became the land of the
  Quakers.GeorgiaThe last British colony in
  America was Georgia which was chosen so that it
  could act as a defensive support to South
  Carolina. James Oglethorpe was the founder of
  this colony and wanted to help the poor and needy
  people in England. He was granted permission from
  King Charles II in 1730. The first step he took,
  to make Georgia a better place, was to sign a
  treaty with the Indians living there as Indians
  were greatly influential in Georgia. Colonies
  were then classified, according to the
  geographical location as new England, middle
  colonies and southern colonies. These colonies
  formed the cornerstones of a big nation, now
  known as the United States of America.